Research methods- Level of measurement, 1/2 data

Question 1

When does data have a nominal scale of measurement?

Answer 1

When the data can be placed or counted into different categories, which are mutually exclusive and the category labels are only names, so there is no order of the categories

Question 2

What are 2 examples of nominal data?

Answer 2

1) Red vs White roses
2) Smokers vs non-smokers

Question 3

When does data have a ordinal level of measurement?

Answer 3

Involves data which is ranked in order or on a scale which may have labels)- differs from nominal as categories of scale can be placed in order
Ordinal= subjective and differences between each point on scale are not same value

Question 4

What is are 2 examples of ordinal data?

Answer 4

1) Rate 5 foods in preference order
2) Very confident, confident etc scale

Question 5

When does data have an interval level of measurement?

Answer 5

Involves measurements that can be ordered & the intervals on the scale are equal because they are based on a standard unit of measurement- but point to indicate 0 is arbitrary

Question 6

What is an example of interval data?

Answer 6

IQ scores

Question 7

When does data have a ratio level of measurement?

Answer 7

Similar to interval, but there is a genuine 0 point, so ratio statements can be made

Question 8

What are 3 examples of ratio data?

Answer 8

1) Height in cm
2) Weight in kgs
3) Time in seconds

Question 9

What measures of central tendency/dispersion can be used for nominal data?

Answer 9

Mode

Question 10

What measures of central tendency/dispersion can be used for ordinal data?

Answer 10

Median & mode

Question 11

What measures of central tendency/dispersion can be used for interval data?

Answer 11

Mean, mode, median, range, IQR, standard deviation

Question 12

What measures of central tendency/dispersion can be used for ratio data?

Answer 12

Mean, mode, median, range, IQR, standard deviation

Question 13

What is the most powerful measure of central tendency?

Answer 13

Mean

Question 14

When should you not use the mean?

Answer 14

If there are outliers

Question 15

What is primary data?

Answer 15

Information that is observed or collected directly from first-hand experience specifically for the aims and/or hypothesis of the study

Question 16

3 examples of primary data?

Answer 16

1) Questionnaires
2) Interview
3) Observation

Question 17

What is a strength of primary observation?

Answer 17

Data collection is designed to fit with aims & hypothesis of the study (fits the purpose)

Question 18

What is a limitation of primary data?

Answer 18

Can be time consuming & expensive to collect

Question 19

What is secondary data?

Answer 19

Information collected for a purpose other than the current study

Question 20

What are 2 examples of secondary data?

Answer 20

1) Government statistics
2) Hospital or another institution data

Question 21

What are 2 strengths of secondary data?

Answer 21

1) Simpler & cheaper to access- less time-consuming
2) Data may have already been subjected to statistical testing & therefore it is known whether it is significant

Question 22

What is a limitation of secondary data?

Answer 22

The data may not meet the exact needs of the study