research methods: experimental design Flashcards
1
Q
what are the three experimental groups?
A
- repeated measures designed, independent groups, matched pairs design
2
Q
repeated measures design
A
- same ppts used in all experimental conditions - do all the conditions
3
Q
independent groups
A
- only one of experimental conditions is tested on group of ppts - different ppts in conditions
4
Q
matched pairs design
A
- same as independent groups but all ppts are matched quality or characteristic
- important to study, making it also a repeated measures design - different ppts are matched
5
Q
counterbalancing and randomisation
A
- when repeated measures design is used, order effects can affect results to such an extent that findings are not useful. big effects are practice and fatigue.
- however, steps can be taken to minimise order effects
6
Q
order effects
A
- occur when repeated measures design is used.
- two types of order effects are practice and fatigue
7
Q
practice effect
A
- ppts may become practised at the test and so improve their performance
8
Q
fatigue effect
A
- ppts may become tired or bored, so their performance deteriorates
9
Q
how can order effects be controlled?
A
- by counterbalancing or randomising experimental conditions
10
Q
counterbalancing
A
- ensures that each condition is tested first or second in equal amounts - means that ppts need to be divided equally between conditions and to experiment them in different order from other groups
- e.g. if there are only two conditions half of the ppts are tested in condition a before condition b and other half do condition b first then condition a
- technique controls order effects as first and second condition is not the same for every ppt so they are not always fresh for condition a and tired for condition b
11
Q
randomising
A
- each ppt is assigned to either condition a or b first by tossing coin or picking names out of hat
12
Q
evaluation for repeated measures design
A
+ requires less ppts and has greater control of participant variables
- order effects and demand characteristics
13
Q
evaluating independent groups
A
+ avoids order effects and demand characteristics
- requires larger sample and may have participant variables
14
Q
evaluation of matched pairs design
A
+ avoids order effects and participant variables (demand characteristics)
- issues with sample size and practicality
