Research Methods Beth 2 Flashcards
What are the three things to consider when choosing an appropriate statistical test?
1) Are we testing a difference or relationship?
2) What type of experimental design has been used/Are we looking for an association or correlation?
3) What level of measurement was used?
What are the 8 statistical tests?
Sign test.
Chi-squared test.
Wilcoxon.
Mann-Whitney.
Related t-test.
Unrelated t-test.
Spearman’s rho.
Pearson’s r
If we are testing the difference, used independent groups, and collected nominal level data, what statistical test do we use?
Chi-squared test
If we are testing the difference, used independent groups, and collected at least ordinal level data, what statistical test do we use?
Mann-Whitney
If we are testing the difference, used independent groups, and collected at least interval level data, what statistical test do we use?
Unrelated t-test
If we are testing the difference, used repeated measures or matched pairs, and collected nominal level data, what statistical test do we use?
Sign test
Which statistical test do we need to be able to calculate?
Sign test
If we are testing the difference, used repeated measures or matched pairs, and collected at least ordinal level data, what statistical test do we use?
Wilcoxon
If we are testing the difference, used repeated measures or matched pairs, and collected at least interval level data, what statistical test do we use?
Related t-test
If we are looking for an association and collected nominal level data, what statistical test do we use?
Chi-squared test
If we are testing the relationship, are looking for a correlation, and collected at least ordinal level data, what statistical test do we use?
Spearman’s rho
If we are testing the relationship, are looking for a correlation, and collected at least interval level data, what statistical test do we use?
Pearson’s r
What do inferential statistics allow us to do?
Conclude whether any difference or relationship found is statistically significant
At the end of statistical testing, what does the researcher do?
Support one hypothesis and reject the other
What is significance?
When the research findings are sufficiently strong to enable a researcher to reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis
What does a low statistical significance mean?
There is a high probability the results are due to chance so testing the target population would yield different results
What does a high statistical significance mean?
There is a low probability the results are due to chance so testing the target population would yield similar results
What is probability?
A numerical measure of the likelihood that certain events will occur
What is the significance level?
A margin of error that a researcher is willing to accept in their research
What is the most commonly selected significance level?
5%
What is a more stringent level of significance?
1%
What is a more lenient level of significance?
10%
Using significance levels, what does it mean if the results are statistically significant?
The likelihood of the results coming about by chance is equal to or less than 5%/1%/10%
Which statistical tests are non-parametric?
Spearman’s rho, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, Chi-squared test, Sign test
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