Research Methods Beth Flashcards
Complete
Which body is responsible for ethical guidelines?
British Psychological Society
What is ethics a balance between?
Participants and research.
What are the ethical issues?
Consent, deception, confidentiality, debriefing, withdrawal, and protection.
What is informed consent?
Participants have sufficient information about the aims and procedures of the experiment so they can make an informed judgment.
What is deception?
Participants are misled about the true aims of the research
What is the right to withdraw?
Participants are allowed to withdraw from a study at any point.
What is confidentiality?
Participants’ data should not be personally identifiable.
What is protection from harm?
Participants must leave in the same mental and physical state that they arrived in.
What are the three ways of dealing with lack of consent?
Prior general consent, presumptive consent, or retrospective consent.
What is prior general consent?
Informing the participant that they will not be told everything about the aims and procedures of the research, or getting consent to be studied in general in advance.
What is presumptive consent?
Informing a group of individuals who are similar to the participants about the full aims and procedures and seeing if those individuals would give consent.
What is retrospective consent?
Getting informed consent after the research study.
How can deception be dealt with?
Debrief the participants afterwards.
How can the right to withdraw be dealt with?
Provide the right to withdraw by reminding the participant before, during, and afterwards that they can withdraw.
How can confidentiality be dealt with?
Avoid collecting personal details, use numbers or false names.
How can participants be protected from harm?
Terminate the research if they are in distress, provide the right to withdraw, debrief participants.
Why are ethics important in psychological investigations?
Maintain the balance, human rights, need a good reputation for volunteers.
What is sampling?
The technique used to get participants.
What is the sample?
The people that are studied taken from the target population.
What is the target population?
The group of individuals that a researcher wishes to study.
What are the five sampling methods?
Random, systematic, stratified, opportunity, and volunteer.
What is random sampling?
Where every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
How can random sampling be used?
Putting everyone’s name in a hat, then drawing names without looking - or get someone else to pick the names
What are 2 strengths of random sampling?
No researcher bias, should be representative and so will be generalisable.