Cognition & Development Flashcards
Who’s theory looks at schemas?
Piaget
Which schemas are we born with?
Reflexes
According to Piaget, what do we learn from? (Piaget schema theory)
Interaction with the environment
What is a schema? (Piaget schema theory)
A ‘block’ of knowledge or ‘package’ of information
What did Piaget focus on? (Piaget schema theory)
Schema driven learning
What is adaptation? (Piaget schema theory)
The process of changing our schemas
What leads you to adapt? (Piaget schema theory)
Confusion
What processes does adaptation take place through? (Piaget schema theory)
Assimilation and accommodation
What is equilibration?
When we can comprehend everything around us, preferred mental state, balanced
What is assimilation?
When children deal with a new situation by adding to an existing schema
What is accommodation?
When children make an entirely new schema or make huge changes to existing ones
When does accommodation occur?
When a situation is so radically different that an existing schema cannot possibly assist
What is disequilibrium?
Confusion, incoming information does not fit with pre-existing knowledge
What kind of development is linked to schemas? (Piaget)
Intellectual
When we are confused what are we driven to do? (Piaget schema theory)
Find out/learn about it
What did Piaget call children? (schema theory)
Little scientists because learning is solitary
What does Howe et al support?
Piaget schema theory - own personal mental representations
What did Howe et al find?
Children (9-12) who had the same experiences and listened to same discussions had different conclusions
What did Piaget overemphasise? (schema theory)
The role of equilibration - children differ in intellectual curiosity
What was bad about Piaget’s sample? (schema theory)
All children were intellectually curious so can’t be applied to all children
What does Piaget’s theory of schemas ignore?
The influence of other people in development (Vygtosky)
What practical applications did Piaget’s schema theory have?
Discovery learning in teaching, learning through environment, useful in everyday life e.g. nature walks
Who are the named psychologists for cognition and development? (+ 1 study)
Piaget, Vygotsky, Baillargeon, Selman (+ Sally Anne study)
What are Piaget’s stages of intellectual development?
Sensori-motor (0-2yrs)
Pre-Operational (2-7yrs)
Concrete Operational (7-11yrs)
Formal Operational (11+yrs)