Research Methods AO1 Flashcards
What is the aim and hypothesis?
Aim; Purpose of investigation
Hypothesis; A prediction of what the results may be
Independent variable?
Dependent variable?
IV- manipulated
DV - Measured
1) Directional hypothesis?
2) Non-directional hypothesis?
1) States direction (one-tailed)
2) No direction, just that theres a difference (two-tailed)
4 types of experiments?
- Laboratory
- Field
- Natural
- Quasi
What is random sampling?
(+ and -)
Equal chances of target pop being picked
+ Unbiased
- Time-consuming
What is systematic sampling?
(+ and -)
Every nth term
+ Unbiased
- Time and effort
What is stratified sampling?
(+ and -)
Reflects proportions of subgroups (strata)
+ Representative
- Imperfect
What is opportunity sampling?
(+ and -)
Available at the time
+ Quick
- Biased
What is volunteer sampling?
(+ and -)
Ppts volunteer
+ Willing ppts
- Volunteer bias
3 types of experimental design?
-Independent groups (1 group condition A, another condition B)
-Repeated measures (Same group same conditions)
-Matched pairs (relavant variables)
What are the 6 observational techniques?
- naturalistic
- covert
- controlled
- overt
- non-ppt observation
- ppt observation
2 types of distribution graphs
negatively skewed (mode on right)
positively skewed (mode on left)
Report techniques
1) Questionnaires
G- lots of results
B- social desirability bias (lies)
2) Structured interview (prewritten q’s)
G- easy to replicate
B- can’t elaborate
Observational designs.
- Behavioural categories (subgroups)
- Event sampling (as & when)
- Time sampling (intervals)
Non-directional hypothesis.
