Research methods and statistics

Question 1

Slope bias

Answer 1

Associated with differential validity; a test having more validity for one group than another (e.g., a validity coefficient of .15 for POC and .35 for White people). Slope bias occurs when regression lines (which represent the relationship between a predictor and criterion for a particular group) have the same y-intercept but different slopes.

Question 2

Independent samples t-test

Answer 2

Compares the means of two independent groups.

Example: Comparing the test scores of students who received online instruction versus in-person instruction.

Question 3

Paired Samples T-test (Dependent T-test)

Answer 3

Compares means from the same group at different times or under different conditions.

Example: Measuring anxiety levels in patients before and after a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention.

Question 4

One-Way ANOVA

Answer 4

Compares the differences in means of three or more groups.

One-way ANOVA is typically used when you have a single IV, or factor, and your goal is to investigate if variations, or different levels of that factor, have a measurable effect on a dependent variable.

Example: Comparing the effectiveness of three different types of antidepressants on reducing depressive symptoms.

Question 5

Repeated Measures ANOVA

Answer 5

Compares means when the same subjects are measured multiple times.

Example: Testing the same group’s reaction time before, during, and after consuming caffeine.

Question 6

Two-Way ANOVA

Answer 6

Examines the effect of how two independent variables–in combination–affect a dependent variable.

Example: Investigating how gender and therapy type (CBT vs. psychoanalysis) affect anxiety reduction.