Research methods Flashcards

1
Q

What is a theory

A

a general set of ideas about the way the world works

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2
Q

7 steps in the The Scientific Method

A
  1. Construct a theory
  2. Generate a hypothesis
  3. Chose research method
  4. Collect data
  5. Analyze data
  6. Report the findings
  7. Revise existing theories
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3
Q

What is a Hypothesis:

A

a testable statement guided by theories that make specific

- predictions about the relationship between variables

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4
Q

What is a research Method:

A

the way in which the hypothesis will be

tested

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5
Q

Whats it mean to collect Data

A

to take measurements of the outcomes of the test

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6
Q

Whats it mean to Analyze Data

A

to understand the data and discover trends or relationships between the variables

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7
Q

Whats it mean to Revise Theories

A

to incorporate new information into our understanding of the world

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8
Q

Paradigm Shift:

A

a dramatic shift in our way of thinking

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9
Q

What is a paradigm shift associated with

A

Revising the theory

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10
Q

What is Anecdotal Evidence:

A

evidence gathered from others or self experience

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11
Q

What is an independent Variable

A

variable manipulated by the scientist

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12
Q

What is a Dependent Variable:

A

variable being observed by the scientist

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13
Q

What is an experimental Group:

A

participants will receive a manipulation of the - independent variable

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14
Q

What is a control group

A

Receives no manipulation

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15
Q

People in control/experimental groups should….

A

should be as similar as possible minimizing the differences between them prior to the experiment

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16
Q

What is a Within Subject Design

A

manipulating the independent variable within each participant to minimize the effect of external variables on the dependent variable

  • all the participants are exposed to every condition, control and experimental
17
Q

What are negative effects of the within subject design

A

Improved performance over the course of an experiment due to becoming more experienced

18
Q

Between Subject Design

A

Only one groups acts as the control and a different group as the experimental group

19
Q

What is a confounding variable?

A

a variable other than then independent variable that has an effect on the results

20
Q

What is a population when selecting participants

A

The general group of people you are trying to learn about

21
Q

What is a sample when selecting participants?

A

elected people in the population to participate in the experiments and who we collect data from

22
Q

why must the sample be from the population?

A

so the data can be generalized

23
Q

What is a random sample:

A

choosing a sample at random from the entire population -

24
Q

Why is it important to use random sampling

A

it reduces the chance that the selection might be biased towards a
specific group

25
Random Assignment:
assigning subjects to either the experimental or control group at random avoid any biases that may cause differences between the groups of subjects
26
Placebo Effect:
effects that occurs when an individual exhibits a response to a treatment that has no related therapeutic effect
27
Participant Bias
When a participants’s actions in an experiments influence the results outside the manipulation of the experimenter
28
Blinding:
When participants do not know whether they belong to the experimental or control group, or which treatment they are receiving
29
Experimenter Bias
Actions made by the experimenter, intentionally to not, to promote the result they hope to achieve
30
Double Blind Studies:
Experiments in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which group each participant belongs to