Classical Conditioning

Question 1

Classical Conditioning involves whats learning processes

Answer 1

allows us to associate 2 related events

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

The learning of a contingency between a

particular signal and a later event that are paired in time and/or space

Question 3

Unconditional Stimulus (US)

Answer 3

any stimulus or event that occurs naturally, prior to any learning

Question 4

According to Pavlov what is an example of the US

Answer 4

ex. food placed in a dogs mouth: will naturally trigger a response without any training being necessary

Question 5

Unconditional Response (UR):

Answer 5

the response that occurs after the unconditional stimulus

Question 6

According to Pavlov what is an example of the UR

Answer 6

ex. food elicits an unconditional response of salivation in the dogs
mouth

Question 7

Conditional Stimulus (CS)

Answer 7

paired with the unconditional stimulus to produce a learned contingency

Question 8

According to Pavlov what is an example of the CS

Answer 8

ex. Pavlov paired a CS of the sound of a metronome with a US of placing food in the dogs mouth

Question 9

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 9

the response that occurs once the contingency between the CS and the US has been learned

Question 10

According to Pavlov what is an example of the CR

Answer 10

ex. the sound of the metronome will eventually come to elicit a conditional response of salivation just as the food presentation did too

Question 11

Acquisition:

Answer 11

the process by which a contingency between a CS and a US is learned

Question 12

What stimulus typically occurs before the unconditional stimulus

Answer 12

the conditional stimulus typically appears before the unconditional stimulus

Question 13

normally contingencies are learned…Fast or slow?

Answer 13

slowly, taking many trials before the unconditional and conditional stimuli are effectively paired

Question 14

most of the learning happens …..

Answer 14

during the early trials

Question 15

There are special cases where just one trial is sufficient

Answer 15

rats can learn the contingency between food and sickness in a single trial

Question 16

Extinction

Answer 16

the loss of the CR when the CS no longer predicts the US

Question 17

How does extinction work?

Answer 17

involves presenting the CS alone repeatedly over many trials,
without the US, with which it had been previously paired
- at first, the CS will elicit a conditional response, but over several
trials, this response will become weaker and weaker

Question 18

if extinction leads to new learning, there exists 2 learned processes:

Answer 18

the original learned response to the CS,

and the new inhibitory response to the CS

Question 19

Spontaneous Recovery:

Answer 19

a sudden recovery of a conditional response following a rest period after extinction

Question 20

Spontaneous Recovery suggests what about extinction

Answer 20

it creates a new inhibitory response

Question 21

what happens if the CS is presented once more after extinction and a rest period

Answer 21

it once again elicits a conditional response

Question 22

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 22

the process by which stimuli similar to the CS will also elicit a CS

Question 23

Generalization Gradient:

Answer 23

shows the relationship between the degree of change in the original conditioning stimulus and response strength

Question 24

stimulus generalization adds

Answer 24

flexibility and efficiency to classical conditioning

Question 25

compliment to stimulus generalization, is stimulus discrimination… they are

Answer 25

they are opposites

Question 26

CS+:

Answer 26

predicts the presence of an unconditional stimulus

Question 27

CS-:

Answer 27

predicts the absence of an unconditional stimulus

Question 28

what happens when a CS+ and a CS- are presented at the same time?

Answer 28

if both tones are presented simultaneously, the subject will show an
intermediate fear response, somewhere between both responses

Question 29

stimulus discrimination

Answer 29

restricts the range of conditional stimuli that can elicit a response
- refines the learning process

Question 30

Implosive Therapy:

Answer 30

someone with a particular phobia is encouraged to confront the CS that evokes their anxiety

Question 31

Implosive Therapy the CS is presented..

Answer 31

in this way, the CS is presented in the absence of the associated
US

Question 32

Systematic Desensitization:

Answer 32

gradual exposure to the feared

stimulus

Question 33

Systematic Desensitization would treat a phobia by:

Answer 33

a person would start by eliminating stimuli at the far ends of the generalization curve and gradually moving towards the middle

Question 34

classical conditioning allows

Answer 34

the body to prepare for challenges against homeostasis