Classical Conditioning Flashcards

1
Q

Classical Conditioning involves whats learning processes

A

allows us to associate 2 related events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

The learning of a contingency between a

particular signal and a later event that are paired in time and/or space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unconditional Stimulus (US)

A

any stimulus or event that occurs naturally, prior to any learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

According to Pavlov what is an example of the US

A

ex. food placed in a dogs mouth: will naturally trigger a response without any training being necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Unconditional Response (UR):

A

the response that occurs after the unconditional stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

According to Pavlov what is an example of the UR

A

ex. food elicits an unconditional response of salivation in the dogs
mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Conditional Stimulus (CS)

A

paired with the unconditional stimulus to produce a learned contingency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

According to Pavlov what is an example of the CS

A

ex. Pavlov paired a CS of the sound of a metronome with a US of placing food in the dogs mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Conditioned Response (CR)

A

the response that occurs once the contingency between the CS and the US has been learned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

According to Pavlov what is an example of the CR

A

ex. the sound of the metronome will eventually come to elicit a conditional response of salivation just as the food presentation did too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acquisition:

A

the process by which a contingency between a CS and a US is learned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What stimulus typically occurs before the unconditional stimulus

A

the conditional stimulus typically appears before the unconditional stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

normally contingencies are learned…Fast or slow?

A

slowly, taking many trials before the unconditional and conditional stimuli are effectively paired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

most of the learning happens …..

A

during the early trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

There are special cases where just one trial is sufficient

A

rats can learn the contingency between food and sickness in a single trial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Extinction

A

the loss of the CR when the CS no longer predicts the US

17
Q

How does extinction work?

A

involves presenting the CS alone repeatedly over many trials,
without the US, with which it had been previously paired
- at first, the CS will elicit a conditional response, but over several
trials, this response will become weaker and weaker

18
Q

if extinction leads to new learning, there exists 2 learned processes:

A

the original learned response to the CS,

and the new inhibitory response to the CS

19
Q

Spontaneous Recovery:

A

a sudden recovery of a conditional response following a rest period after extinction

20
Q

Spontaneous Recovery suggests what about extinction

A

it creates a new inhibitory response

21
Q

what happens if the CS is presented once more after extinction and a rest period

A

it once again elicits a conditional response

22
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

the process by which stimuli similar to the CS will also elicit a CS

23
Q

Generalization Gradient:

A

shows the relationship between the degree of change in the original conditioning stimulus and response strength

24
Q

stimulus generalization adds

A

flexibility and efficiency to classical conditioning

25
compliment to stimulus generalization, is stimulus discrimination... they are
they are opposites
26
CS+:
predicts the presence of an unconditional stimulus
27
CS-:
predicts the absence of an unconditional stimulus
28
what happens when a CS+ and a CS- are presented at the same time?
if both tones are presented simultaneously, the subject will show an intermediate fear response, somewhere between both responses
29
stimulus discrimination
restricts the range of conditional stimuli that can elicit a response - refines the learning process
30
Implosive Therapy:
someone with a particular phobia is encouraged to confront the CS that evokes their anxiety
31
Implosive Therapy the CS is presented..
in this way, the CS is presented in the absence of the associated US
32
Systematic Desensitization:
gradual exposure to the feared | stimulus
33
Systematic Desensitization would treat a phobia by:
a person would start by eliminating stimuli at the far ends of the generalization curve and gradually moving towards the middle
34
classical conditioning allows
the body to prepare for challenges against homeostasis