Problem Solving and Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence is

Answer 1

The cognitive ability of an individual to learn from experience, reason well, remember important info, and cope with the demands of daily living

Question 2

Deductive Reasoning:

Answer 2

occurs when a person works from ideas, and general info to arrive at specific conclusions

Question 3

Example of Deductive reasoning

Answer 3

every day I leave for school in my car at 8am, every day the drive to school takes 30 minutes and i arrive on time for my 1st class, therefore if I leave for school at 8am today, I’ll be on time

Question 4

Inductive Reasoning:

Answer 4

moves from specific facts an observations to broader generalizations and theories

** I KNOW because I saw/experienced

Question 5

Example of Inductive Reasoning:

Answer 5

Today I left for school at 8am and I arrived on time for my 1st class, therefore, every day that I leave the house
at 8am, I will arrive to school on time

Question 6

Functional Fixedness:

Answer 6

Our difficulty seeing alternative uses for common objects

Question 7

Reliability

Answer 7

Measures the extent to which repeated testing produces constant results

Question 8

Validity

Answer 8

Measures the extent to which a test is actually measuring what the researcher claims to be measuring

Question 9

Galton

Answer 9

Recorded how quickly subjects could respond to sensory motor tasks by their reaction time
- he equated faster reaction times with higher intelligence

Question 10

Binet

Answer 10

produced the first intelligence scale which included 30 short tasks related to everyday life

Question 11

Stamford-Binet

Intelligence Test is

Answer 11

still used in some form today

Question 12

Spearman

Answer 12

believer in the idea of a single type of intelligence

Question 13

Spearman believed that:

Answer 13

most people who performed well on classical intelligence tasks performed well on all kinds of tasks believed there was one generalized intelligence called “G”

Question 14

Gardener proposed a multiple intelligences theory and an intelligence test 8 different types of intelligence

Answer 14

1. Linguistic - Verbal
2. Mathematical - Logical
3. Rhythmic - Musical Spatial - Visual
4. Kinesthetic - Bodily Interpersonal
5. Intrapersonal Naturalistic

Question 15

Gardener believed what about the types of intelligence

Answer 15

each type of intelligence is independent from the others and that everyone may excel in 1 form of intelligence

Question 16

The Flynn Effect:

Answer 16

the observation that raw IQ scores have been on the rise since 1932

Question 17

What influces the Flynn Effect?

Answer 17

• schooling
• increased access to info
• increased nutrition and health

Question 18

Paiget cognitive development proceeds in what 4 basic stages

Answer 18

• Sensorimotor Stage
• Preoperational Stage
• Concrete Operational Stage - Formal Operational Stage

Question 19

Sensorimotor Stage( Ages and what it involves)

Answer 19

Typically lasts until 2 years old

• a child begins to recognize that they can affect change on their environment
• a milestone that comes at the end of this stage is Object Permanence

Question 20

Object Permanence (mastered in 1st stage)

Answer 20

realization that objects continue to exist

when no longer visible

Question 21

Preoperational Stage ( Ages and what it involves)

Answer 21

• ages of 2-7
• Child has mastered object permanence
• still has cognitive limitations
• challenges left to master are Egocentrism, Seriation,
  Reversible Relationships and Conservation
  -

Question 22

Reversible Relationships are

Answer 22

Ex: suppose you ask Rachel if she asks a brother, she would
respond yes I do, his name is Matthew
- but if you then ask her does Matthew have a sister, she may
respond no

Question 23

Conservation tasks are:

Answer 23

ex. in a fluid conservation task, a child would see the following 2 glasses of milk and understand they contain the exact same amount of fluid
- if you pour the milk from one glass into a taller, narrower glass and ask the child which glass has more fluid and which would you rather have, they would say that the taller glass is more preferable

Question 24

Seriation tasks

Answer 24

Ability to logically order a series of objects)

Question 25

Concrete Operational Stage

Ages and what it involves

Answer 25

• lasts from 7-12 years old
• child is now able to perform all the things they struggled
  with during the preoperational stage
• called the concrete stage because the child’s schemas are
  still concrete and based not heir experiences with the world
• a child is unable to think in abstract terms or reason based
  on hypotheses

Question 26

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 26

• from 12 years and up
• children are able to think in abstract terms, work with hypotheses and do everything else that makes up the range of adult cognitive abilities

Question 27

Genes and Intelligence TWINS:

Answer 27

• identical twins showed a strong positive correlation of +0.8
• IQ measures between fraternal twins was +0.6

Question 28

Confirmation Bias:

Answer 28

our tendency to seek out information that supports our hypothesis

Question 29

Piaget’s limitations & the phenomenon of decollage

Answer 29

children sometimes develop some skills out of order

Question 30

Availability Heuristics:

Answer 30

Our tendency to make decisions based on the info that is most quickly available to us

Question 31

Representative Heuristic:

Answer 31

Our tendency to assume that what we are seeing is representative of the larger category we have in our mind