Research Methods

Question 1

experimental research

Answer 1

it is mandatory to manipulated the independent variables. Measures are repeated and independent

Question 2

non experimental research

Answer 2

studies the variables are not manipulated. Measures are descriptive and observational

Question 3

scientific research

Answer 3

is a systematic way of analysing and interpreting new or existing material through experimentation and observation

Question 4

non scientific research

Answer 4

is based upon investigation of natural phenomenon using generalisations and without systematic means of investigation

Question 5

6 ethical considerations

Answer 5

1-	Voluntary participation
2-	Withdrawal rights 
3-	Debriefing 
4-	Confidentiality 
5-	Deception 
6-	Debriefing

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

is the entire group of people belonging to a particular category

Question 7

Sample

Answer 7

a group of participants selected form and presentative of a population

Question 8

a convenience sampling

Answer 8

quick and easy way of selecting participants based on the researchers accessibility to them

Question 9

random sampling

Answer 9

employs a carefully planned and systematic method of selecting participants for a study

Question 10

stratified sampling

Answer 10

involves breaking the population into strata or groups based on characteristics they share

Question 11

validity

Answer 11

refers to the extent the which an assessment tool actually measures what it is designed to measure (internal and external)

Question 12

reliability

Answer 12

refers to the extent to which an assessment tool measures what it supposed to measure what it supposed to measure each time it is used

Question 13

placebo affect

Answer 13

is a fake or false treatment used to eliminate the placebo effect

Question 14

experimenter affect

Answer 14

an extraneous variable caused when there is an unintentional change in a participants behaviour and hence results due to the experimenter influence

Question 15

self fuflling prophecy

Answer 15

process by which ones expectations about another person eventually lead the other person to behave in ways the confirm these expectations

Question 16

experimental methods

Answer 16

• labortory
• feild
• natural/quasi

Question 17

non experimental methods

Answer 17

• naturalistic
• controlled
• participant

Question 18

case study

Answer 18

a idiographic method involving the in depth and detailed study of the individual or particular group

Question 19

correlations

Answer 19

a method of data analysis which measures the realtionship between two or more variables to see if a trend or systematic pattern exists between them.

Question 20

diffferent non experimental methods

Answer 20

• case study
• correlations
• interviews
• questionnaires

Question 21

interviews

Answer 21

involve direct verbal questioning of the subject by the researcher but differ in how strucured the questions are

Question 22

questionnaire

Answer 22

are written methods of gaining data from subjects that do not necessarily require the presence of a researcher

Question 23

different experimental design

Answer 23

• repeated measures
• independant measures
• matched pairs

Question 24

repeated measures

Answer 24

involves using the same subjects in each condition of an experiment

Question 25

independant measures

Answer 25

involves using different subjects in each condition of the experiment

Question 26

matched pairs

Answer 26

involves using different but similar subject in eahc condition of an experiment

Question 27

extranous vairables

Answer 27

• indiviudal differences
• artifiacialty
• order effects
• demand characteristics
• experimenter expectancy
• distraction and confusion