Cultures and values Flashcards
Define a sense of community
is a feeling that members belong, and a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members needs will be met through their commitments to be together
Mcmillan and Chavis 4 elements of a sense of community
1- membership
2- influence
3- integration and fulfilment of needs
4- shared emotional connection
Membership
a- boundaries b- emotional safety c- a sense of belonging and identification d- personal investment e- a common symbol system
Influence
1- is seen as an internal process that reflects the perceived influence that a person has over the decisions and actions of the community.
2- the amount of influence that the group has over the individual membership.
Integration and fulfilment of needs
reflects the benefits that people derive from their membership of a community. Some needs that can be fulfilled through community membership are the status achieved by being a member, benefits that might accrue from the competence of other members and shared values
shared emotional connection
sharing of significant events and the amount of contact that members have with each other. As a result of these shared events bonds can be developed between members.
7 important features of shared emotional connection:
1- contact hypothesis 2- quality of interaction 3- closure of events 4- shared importance of a shared event 5- investment 6- effect of honour and humiliation on community members 7- spiritual bond
What are 3 features that make some events more stressful than others
1- predictability
2- controllability
3- experience threat or loss
what did Kobasa find?
that individuals respond differently to the same event. She though that personality differences could account for different responses to stress.
What was Kobasa’s study
she carried a study including 600 executives and mangers were asked to complete 2 questionnaires. One was personality questionnaire. The other measured stressful events and illness that respondents have experienced in the past 3 years. She divided responding into 2 groups, one that scored above average fir illness and the other that scored below average
What were Kobasa’s results
She compared the high stress/low illness, high stress, high illness. She found that with the first group: they saw change as a challenge. Felt more control of direction in both their work and personal lives
Describe Kobasas longitudinal study
she followed a group of executives over a 2 year period she found that those identified at the start of the two years as having a hardy personality were less likely to become ill.
results of the longitudinal study by Kobasa
found that those identified at the start of the two years as having a heady personality were less likely to become ill.
Post traumatic stress disorder symptoms
physical symptoms
cognitive symtoms
emotional symptoms
Psychical symptoms to PTSD
- disturbed sleep
- nightmares
- exhaustion
- restlessness
- headaches
