Communication

Question 1

what is communication

Answer 1

the transmission of a message from one person to another

Question 2

Communication style?

Answer 2

the style in which we speak is depends on the culture in which we were raised, our socioeconomic background and gender. Also include vocal and grammar and the type of ideas we try an express.

Question 3

Internal working model by Bowlby

Answer 3

Idea that we have set of experiences and expectations that govern how we relate to other people. How we respond in interpersonal relationships. Needs need to be met.

Question 4

What are some factors that can shape one’s communication style?

Answer 4

1- external environment
2- innate - internal properties genetics
3- natural development - physical low

Question 5

why is communication style an important aspects to examine in psychology

Answer 5

allows us to analysis the cultural and social aspects of language. It is an important part of out self image and how we are in the world

Question 6

What did Basil Bernstein suggest about social background

Answer 6

he claimed that people from the working and middle classes used different kinds of language codes.

Question 7

restricted code

Answer 7

• short and simple sentences are used with much information conveyed non verbally
• much of the meaning only makes sense if the context is known
• few descriptive words are used
• commands are frequently used to gain compliance
• abstract ideas are rarely expressed

Question 8

elaborated code

Answer 8

• complex, precise sentences are used
• the meaning is clear from the sentences alone
• more use is made of descriptive words
• explanations are usually used to gain compliance
• events in the past or future are referred to
• abstract ideas, future possibilities are expressed easily

Question 9

what did Bernstein conclude about children in working class families language

Answer 9

had a language deficit because they could only use the inferior restricted code. He claimed that this limited their ability to benefit from education

Question 10

what did willam Labov conclude about children in working class families language

Answer 10

Labovs ideas are based on black children in NYC, he considered that their language was different and not a deficit compared to middle class language and was just as complex as middle class language

Question 11

What are the differences between girl and boys in how they talk

Answer 11

girls are more descriptive, more emotional intensity, importance of the event. Men are very restrictive and less emotional, less descriptive. Girls talk to their friends and get their opinion and validation

Question 12

Men vs women tends to use what type of talk (include researcher)

Answer 12

men use report talk
Women use rapport talk
(debroah tanning)

Question 13

What does Tannen suggest is the reason for friction in relationships

Answer 13

Tanner considers that if men and women simply understand the differences in each others reasons for talking a lot of anguish can be avoided

Question 14

persuasion

Answer 14

trying to change the beliefs, feelings and behaviour of another. There are 2 routes to persuasion central (content) and peripheral (appearance)

Question 15

what are 3 reasons to make someone more persuaded in someone else

Answer 15

expertise
fast talkers
trustworthiness

Question 16

what are 2 reasons that the nature of the content will help persuade someone

Answer 16

• understanding the message

- emotion (positive and negative)

Question 17

what factors make the content or presentation style change

Answer 17

• age
• education level
• relationship to us
• personality
• culture

Question 18

name 2 researchers who studied cultures and persuasion

Answer 18

• Zhu Yunxia

- Min-Sun Kim

Question 19

Why do we use language

Answer 19

to transfer knowledge to one person to another. To help people remember information, make people do stuff, talk about language itself

Question 20

The learning perspective

Answer 20

argues that children imitate what they see and hear, and that children learn from punishment and reinforcement.
- Skinner he argues that adults shape the way children speak by reinforcing the babbling of infants

Question 21

the nativist perspective

Answer 21

argues that humans are biologically programmed to gain knowledge. Noam Chomsky, proposed that all humans have a language acquisition device (LAD) .

Question 22

What is the LAD

Answer 22

language acquisition guide, which contains knowledge of grammatical rules common to all languages. The LAD also allows children to understand the rules of whatever language they are listening to. Noam Chomsky

Question 23

Interactionist theory

Answer 23

argue that language learning is influenced by the desire of children to communicate with others (social). And that children are born with a powerful brain that matures slowly and predisposes them to acquire new understandings (biological) - Burner