research methods 2

Question 1

what is normal distribution

Answer 1

where the median, mode and mean all occur at the peak of the curve and the graph is symetrical

Question 2

what is negatively skewed distribution

Answer 2

where there are more higher scores than lower scores in the data (ceiling effect)

Question 3

what is a positively skewed distribution

Answer 3

where most of the scores falling below the mean (floor effect)

Question 4

what are the 3 types of quantitive data

Answer 4

1.nominal data
2. ordinal data
3. interval data

Question 5

what is nominal data

Answer 5

the most basic type of data uses mode and range whihc is a frequency count for distinct categories e.g. number of smokers and non-smokers

Question 6

what is ordinal data

Answer 6

data that can be placed on a scale in ascending or descending rank order. uses median and range and is subjective because we dont know the true intervals between each rank

Question 7

what is interval data

Answer 7

measurments taken from a scale where each unit is the same size and the gap bewteeen them is equal. this is the most sophisticated type of data. it uses means and standard diviation

Question 8

why do we have to compliet statistical testing

Answer 8

to ensure the difference or relationship bewtween 2 varuables are truly significant rather than just a fluke

Question 9

what 3 questions do psychologisr have to answer to complete specific statistical tests (3 D’s)

Answer 9

1. difference (do i need to test the difference or relationship)
2. design (what experimental design do i use if a test of difference is required)
3. data(what is the level of measurement)

Question 10

draw and label the table of statistical testing (remember carrots should come mashed with sweed under roast potatoes)

Question 11

how do you calculate a sign test

Answer 11

1. assign + and - signs to each of pts scores
2. count up the number of positives and negatives
3. the smallest of the total direction scores is th eoverall binomial test result
4. calculate the N value

Question 12

what arre type 1 and type 2 errors

Answer 12

type 1- where you wrongfully accepted the experimental hypothesis( false positive)
type 2- wrongfully accepting null hypothesis (false negative)

Question 13

why is peer reviewing important

Answer 13

it controls quality and makes sure the research is credible, valid, reliable and ethical

Question 14

what are the seven features of science

Answer 14

1. objective
2. empiricism
3. replicablity
4. falsifiability
5. paradigm
6. poppers hypothetico-deductive model
7. kuhns paradigm and paradigm shifts

Question 15

what are the 5 steps tp poppers hypothetico-deductive model

Answer 15

1. an observatrion is made
2. a theory and hypothesis is developed
3. hypothesis is tested
4. results are analyised to see if hypothesis is suspporte dor not
5. hypothesis and theory is refined and modified if needed

Question 16

what is a paradigm

Answer 16

a generally agreed view on a asubject matter and set of procedures

Question 17

what is the layout to writing a conventional report in psychology

Answer 17

1. title
2. abstract
3. intro
4. method
5. results
6. discussion
7. appendices
8. references