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psychology paper 2 > biopsyche > Flashcards

biopsyche Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 6 parts of a neuron structure and what do they do

A
  1. dendrite-recieve messages
  2. nucleus- contains DNA and help cell maitenace and development
  3. axon- long cable that pushes electicalimpuls down the neuron
  4. myelin sheath- protective layer
    5.nodes of ranvier- speeds up message
  5. terminal buttons- sends message to dendrites
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2
Q

what does the sensory neuron look like

A

long dendrites and short axons

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3
Q

what does the sensory neuron do

A

carries messages from PNS to CNS. uses the 5 sense to tell brain about environment

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4
Q

what does the relay neuron look like

A

short dendrites and short axons

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5
Q

what does the relay neuron do

A

located in the CNS, allows motor and sensory neurons to communicate with eachother and the brain. and is multipolar(can both send and recieve messages

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6
Q

what does the motor neuron look like

A

short dendrites and long axons

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7
Q

what does the motor neuron do

A

connects CNS to effectors. htey project axons to control muscles

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8
Q

what is the process of synaptic transmission

A
  1. dendrite picks up message and sneds impulse through axon to terminal buttons
  2. at the end of terminal buttons there are synaptic vesicles that store neurotransmitters(NT’s) the NT’s transform the impulse into chemical messages.
  3. the chemical message diffuses across synaptic gap and binds to specialised receptors on cells of dendrites on the next neuron.
  4. once cell is activates either excitary or inhibitory effects get produced at a post synaptic level
  5. if synaptic transmission is incomplete the NT are taken up through re-uptake tunnels ready for later
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9
Q

what are neurotransmitters

A

a chemical substances that is used during synaptic transmissionwhich turns the electrical impulse into chmeicals which then diffuses across the synaptic gap

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10
Q

what happens when a neurotransmitter creates an excitation

A

it creates a positive charge so the neuron is more likely to fire and will increase activity

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11
Q

what happens if a NT creates an inhibition

A

a negative charge is made which makes the neuron less likely to fire and decreases activity

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12
Q

what is summation

A

where both excitation and inhibition occurs so both influnces get added together and whichecter effect is stronger proceeds

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13
Q

what is the endocrine system

A

it helps regulates our bodily function by providing a chemical system of communication via the bloodstream

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14
Q

what are hormones

A

they are chemicals released from the glands into the bloodstreams

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15
Q

what are 3 examples of glands and what hormones do they release

A

pituitary- growth hormone which helps for growth
pineal- melatonin which helps sleep
testes-testosterone which regulates fertility

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16
Q

what is the fight or flight response

A
  1. the hypothalamus detects acute stress
  2. they sympathomedullary (SAM) pathway is activated
  3. this stimuates the adrenal gland
  4. adrenaline is released into the bloodstream which activates fight or flight
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17
Q

what are the main effects of fight or flight on the body

A

increased: sweat, breathing, blood flow, heart rate
decreased digestive system and pupil dilation

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18
Q

what are post-mortems

A

examinations of the brain after death

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19
Q

what are FMRI’s

A

where strong magnetic and radio waves that monister blood flow in the brain and creat an image

20
Q

what are EEG’s and ERP’s

A

small sensors are attached to the scale that detect electrical signals when the brain is active

21
Q

what is localisation

A

the theory that specific areas of the brain are associated with particular physical and psychological function

22
Q

what is hemispheric lateralisation

A

where some of the brain functions are found only in one hemisphere

23
Q

what does conterlateral mean

A

the right hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of the body. vise versa

24
Q

what does somatotopically mean

A

the point to point correspondant of an area of the body to a specific point on the central nervous system

25
Q

describe the motor cortex and how it links to localisation of function

A

its located in the frontal lobe and is in both hemispheres of the brain.
it controls voluntary motor movements
its conterlateral and is somatotopically organised

26
Q

what is the somatosensory cortex and how does it link to LOF

A

its located in both hemispheres in the parietal lobe
it detects senses
its conterlateral and is somatotopically organised

27
Q

what is the visual cortex and how does it link to LOF

A

its located both hemispheres in the occipital lobe.
it does all the visual processing
its conterlateral

28
Q

what is the auditory cortex and how does it link to LOF

A

both hemispheres within the temporal lobes
it deals with hearing
its contralateral

29
Q

what are the different side of the brains in charge of

A

left: language, maths and analytics
right: music, creativity

30
Q

what is brocas area

A

its located in the bck portion of the left frontal lobe. its incharge of speech production.

31
Q

what is wernicke area

A

its located in the prosterior portion of the left temporal lobe. its incharge of speech conprehension

32
Q

what is split brain surgery

A

where a patient has there corpus colussum cut whihc seperates the brains hemispheres from communicating.

33
Q

what were Sperry’s findings when researching split brain

A
  1. when words projected to LVF, going to the right hemisphere, words did not register and pts say they dont see anything
  2. when word of an onject projected to LVF, left hand could pick up object but couldnt verbally report it
  3. different faces were presented to each visual field, pts recognised faces presented to right hemisphere
34
Q

what is brain plasticity

A

the brains ability to change and adapt

35
Q

what is synaptogenesis

A

when new synapses are formed

36
Q

what is neurogenesis

A

when new neurons grow

37
Q

what is synaptic pruning

A

where synapses die because they arent neeeded anymore (use it or lose it)

38
Q

what is neural regeneration

A

its a type of synatpogenesis, when a new new nerve ending grows and connects to undamaged areas

39
Q

what is neuronal unmasking

A

when dormant synapses(back up ones) are opended and become functional

40
Q

whats neural reorgansiation

A

where the brain transfers function from damaged areas to undamaged sections

41
Q

what is a biological rhythm

A

any change in a physiological activity that repeats periodically in a set pattern

42
Q

what is a infradian

A

one cyle that takes longer than 24 hrs e.g. menstration

43
Q

whats a circadian

A

one cyle that takes 24 hrs e.g. metabolic activity

44
Q

whats ultradian

A

a cycle that takes less than 24 hrs e.g. stages of sleep

45
Q

what are endogenous peacemakers

A

our internal body clocks that influence the patterns of our biological rhythms

psychology paper 2 (4 decks)

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