research methods Flashcards
what is informed consent
participants should be told the purpose of research and that they can leave at any time
what is deception
participants should not be lied to or misled about aims.
what is privacy
participants have the right to control information about themselves
what is confidentiality
personal data must be protected and respected
what is reliability
a measure of consistency
what is random sampling
each person has equal chance of selection.
what is opportunity sampling
selecting people available
what is systematic sampling
selecting every nth person from list of target population
what is stratified sampling
selecting participants in proportion to frequency in target population
what is validity
relates to whether a result is a true reflection of real world behaviour
what is a structured interview
interviewer reads list of questions. can have prepared follow up questions
what is an unstructured interview
some questions prepared before.
new questions created depending on what the interviewee says
what is a semi structured interview
some questions decided before but follow up questions emerge
what is a questionnaire
prepared list of questions which can be answered in writing, over the phone or on the internet
what is a strength of a questionnaire
can gather information from many people.
easy to analyse as often use closed questions
what is a lab experiment
experimenter has high control over what happens.
takes place in a laboratory
what is a strength of a lab experiment
EV’s can be controlled, so cause and effect is established.
use of standardised procedures permits replication, this can demonstrate validity
what is a weakness of a lab experiment
behaviour in a lab is less normal, so difficult to generalise. Participants may change their behaviour because they are aware of being watched
what is a field experiment
takes place in a natural setting,
IV manipulated by experimenter
what is a natural experiment
takes place in a natural or lab setting. IV is not changed by experimenter. It varies naturally
what is independent groups
different group of participants for each level of the IV
what is repeated measures
all participants take part in all levels of the IV
what is matched pairs
participants are tested on variables relevant to the study. Participants then matched and one member of each pair goes under each condition
what is a case study
an in depth investigation of an individual, group, event or institution
