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research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What must you always have when you start your research?

A

a clear aim

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2
Q

How do you always start righting aims?

A

the aim is to investigate…

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3
Q

what are the two types of variables?

A

independent and dependent

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4
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

the variable being measured or tested in the experiment

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5
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

the variable that the researcher manipulates and is assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable

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6
Q

What must both variables be?

A

operationalised

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7
Q

What does operationalising variables mean?

A

making them measurable

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8
Q

What is the hypothesis?

A

a precise, testable statement of what the researchers predict will be the outcome of the study

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9
Q

Is a hypothesis directional or non-directional?

A

both

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10
Q

What does directional mean?

A

you predict the exact effect the iv will have on the dv

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11
Q

What does non-directional mean?

A

you predict there is some kind of relationship betweeen the iv and the dv

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12
Q

Is directional one tailed or two tailed

A

one tailed

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13
Q

is non-directional one tailed or two tailed

A

two tailed

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14
Q

Directional hypothesis

A

significant increase/decrease dv with iv in condition 1 than condition 2

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15
Q

Non- directional hypothesis

A

significant differences dv with iv from condition one than condition two

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16
Q

What are two key aspects of designing a good study?

A

reliability and validity

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17
Q

What are the two types of validity

A

internal and external

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18
Q

What are the two types of validity

A

internal and external

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19
Q

What are the three types of external validity?

A

ecological, population, time

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20
Q

What are the 5 types of sampling methods?

A

random, systematic, stratified, opportunistic, voulenteer

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21
Q

What are the 4 types of experiments?

A

laboratory, field, natural, quasi

22
Q

What is operationalisation?

A

making variables measurable

23
Q

What is a correlational hypothesis?

A

A hypothesis stating there will be a correlation between variable 1 and 2

24
Q

What does correlation mean?

A

a relationship between 2 variables

25
Q

What is the correlation coefficient?

A

the calculated score of correlation

26
Q

What is the correlation coefficient between?

A

-1 and +1

27
Q

What is the correlation of -1

A

perfect negative

28
Q

What is the correlation of +1

A

perfect positive

29
Q

What is the correlation of 0

A

no correlation

30
Q

What is the correlation of -0.3

A

weak negative

31
Q

What is the correlation of +0.3

A

weak positive

32
Q

What is the correlation of -0.5

A

moderate negative

33
Q

What is the correlation of +0.5

A

moderate positive

34
Q

What is the correlation of -0.8

A

strong negative

35
Q

What is the correlation of +0.8

A

strong positive

36
Q

does correlation infer causation?

A

no

37
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

a hypothesis that contrasts the experimental/alternative hypothesis

38
Q

How many hypothesis must you always have?

A

2

39
Q

How many hypothesis must you always have?

A

2

40
Q

What is the purpose of the null hypothesis?

A

it states there’s no relationship between the 2 variables

41
Q

What does descriptive stats mean?

A

the analysis of data that helps describe, show or summarise data in a meaningful way.

42
Q

What do descriptive stats allow us to do?

A

identify patterns

43
Q

What do descriptive stats prevent us from doing?

A

make conclusions beyond the data we have analysed or reach conclusions regarding our hypotheses.

44
Q

What are two key aspects of designing a good study?

A

reliability and validity

45
Q

What is ordinal data?

A

data that classifies variables into categories that have order or rank

46
Q

What is interval data?

A

data is metered in a numerical scale that has equal intervals between adjacent values

47
Q

What is nominal data?

A

data that can be labelled or classified into mutual exclusive categories within a variable

48
Q

is the mean interval, ordinal or nominal?

A

interval

49
Q

is the median interval, ordinal or nominal?

A

ordinal

50
Q

is the mode interval, ordinal or nominal?

A

nominal

psychology (8 decks)

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