classical conditioning Flashcards
What is classical conditioning?
A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together.
Who is the founder of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov.
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior learning.
What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
A previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.
What is an unconditioned response (UCR)?
An unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus.
What is a conditioned response (CR)?
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has become conditioned.
True or False: In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus must be presented before the unconditioned stimulus.
True.
Fill in the blank: In Pavlov’s experiment, the sound of the bell was the __________.
conditioned stimulus.
What phenomenon occurs when a conditioned response diminishes over time?
Extinction.
What is spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?
The reappearance of a conditioned response after a rest period following extinction.
What is generalization in classical conditioning?
The tendency for the conditioned response to be elicited by stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.
What is discrimination in classical conditioning?
The ability to distinguish between the conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
Which psychologist is known for the Little Albert experiment?
John B. Watson.
True or False: Classical conditioning can be used to explain emotional responses.
True.
What is the role of timing in classical conditioning?
The timing of the pairing of the UCS and CS is critical for effective conditioning.
What is the term for the initial stage of learning when a response is first established?
Acquisition.
Fill in the blank: In classical conditioning, the __________ is the event that initially elicits a response.
unconditioned stimulus.
What is one practical application of classical conditioning?
Behavior modification therapies.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of classical conditioning? A) UCS B) UCR C) CR D) RCR
D) RCR.
What is the difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning?
Operant conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment after a behavior, while classical conditioning involves learning through association.
True or False: A conditioned response can be stronger than an unconditioned response.
False.
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the gradual weakening of a conditioned response.
Extinction.
What type of reinforcement could strengthen a conditioned response?
Positive reinforcement.
What is the role of the amygdala in classical conditioning?
The amygdala is involved in processing emotions and is key in the formation of conditioned emotional responses.
Multiple Choice: Which type of stimulus is used to elicit a response in classical conditioning? A) Neutral B) Unconditioned C) Conditioned D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is higher-order conditioning?
When a conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second conditioned stimulus.
True or False: Classical conditioning can only occur with physical stimuli.
False.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the response that is learned in classical conditioning.
conditioned response.
What is the significance of Pavlov’s research?
It laid the foundation for behaviorism and understanding associative learning.
What is the key element of the Little Albert experiment?
Conditioning a fear response to a white rat using loud noises.
Multiple Choice: What does the term ‘extinction’ refer to? A) Strengthening of a response B) Weakening of a response C) Creation of a new response D) None of the above
B) Weakening of a response.
