Research Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Research

A

research for the sake of science

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2
Q

Applied Research

A

research for a practical application

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3
Q

Translational Research

A

rewriting publications from scientific journals so they’re accessible to the general public

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4
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

belief that and outcome was foreseeable (“knew it all along” effect)

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5
Q

Hypothesis

A

a prediction based on a testable theory

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6
Q

Variable

A

any property whose values can vary across individuals or over time

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7
Q

Continuous Variable

A

a variable with a continuous numerical value

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8
Q

Categorical Variable

A

variations that can fit into categories

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9
Q

Operationalized

A

a description of a property in concrete measurable terms

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10
Q

Correlational Designs

A

going out into the world to measure how closely two variable vary together or how well you can predict a change in one variable from observing a change in another variable
*measured with a predictor and an outcome

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11
Q

Positive Correlation

A

both variables either increase or decrease together

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12
Q

Negative Correlation

A

one variable increases when the other decreases

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13
Q

Zero Correlation

A

one variable is not predictable related to the other

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14
Q

What does a correlation coefficient closer to 1 indicate?

A

a strong positive correlation

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15
Q

What does a correlation coefficient closer to -1 indicate?

A

a strong negative correlation

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16
Q

Correlational Design Drawbacks

A

-issues of directionality (does A cause B or vice versa?)
-third variable can influence results
-correlation cannot infer causation

17
Q

Correlational Design Benefits

A

-can sometimes be more ethical
establishing relationship can inspire experiments

18
Q

Experimental Designs

A

manipulating an X variable to show its effect on the Y variable

19
Q

Random Assignment

A

assigning participants randomly to experimental conditions

20
Q

Why is random assignment important?

A

increases there chance that characteristics are equally distributed across the groups

21
Q

Population

A

everyone in the group the experimenter is interested in

22
Q

Sample

A

a subset of the population

23
Q

Convenience Sampling

A

the sample consists of people who are conveniently available for the study

24
Q

Experimental Designs Drawbacks

A

-certain topics may be impractical or unethical to test
-highly controlled lab settings can make generalization of finding to the real world more difficult

25
Experimental Designs Benefits
-if done well, you can infer causation -precise control over variables can eliminate alternative explantations
26
Experimenter Bias
the experimenters expectations influence the outcome of the study *experimenter might see what they want to are treat participants differently *solution: double blind, scripts
27
Demand Characteristics
participants form an interpretation of the experimenter's purpose and subconsciously change their behavior to fit the interpretation
28
Hawthorne Effect
changing behavior when you know you're being watched
29
Converging Operations
a research strategy where a variety of research strategies are used
30
Replication
the process of repeating a study and finding a similar outcome each time
31
Placebo Effect
knowledge of receiving treatment affects behavior *solution: blind treatment