Research Methods

Question 1

Audit Study

Answer 1

researchers match participants on key characteristics

Question 2

Method

Answer 2

systematic study design

Question 3

Confirmation bias

Answer 3

tendency to look for data that reinforces our beliefs

Question 4

Human subject

Answer 4

person who participates in a study

Question 5

Nuremberg Code

Answer 5

first international guidelines in ethics

Question 6

Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment

Answer 6

experiment on black men in Alabama

Question 7

Informed consent

Answer 7

voluntary agreement, understand potential risks and benefits

Question 8

quantitative data

Answer 8

numbers

Question 9

qualitative data

Answer 9

non-numerical data

Question 10

experiment

Answer 10

environment is controlled to isolate the effects of one factor

Question 11

survey

Answer 11

gather data by asking people questions

Question 12

participant observation

Answer 12

researcher spends time among a group

Question 13

historical analysis

Answer 13

analyze existing historical records

Question 14

content analysis

Answer 14

analyze existing sources, focus on themes and patterns

Question 15

unit of analysis

Answer 15

item observed in a study

Question 16

variable

Answer 16

characteristic with more than one possible value

Question 17

co-variation

Answer 17

relationship between variables

Question 18

independent variable

Answer 18

causes change in another

Question 19

dependent variable

Answer 19

changes in response to another

Question 20

population

Answer 20

entire group of interest

Question 21

operationalization

Answer 21

define variables into measurable items

Question 22

sampling

Answer 22

selecting representatives

Question 23

ethnography

Answer 23

in-depth study of a group and its culture

Question 24

sampling frame

Answer 24

method for choosing members of a population

Question 25

random sample

Answer 25

every member in a population has some chance of being selected

Question 26

generalize

Answer 26

apply findings to a larger population

Question 27

non-random sample

Answer 27

not every member in a population has a chance of being selected

Question 28

nonresponse bias

Answer 28

patterns in who does and doesn't respond

Question 29

correlation

Answer 29

relationship between variables

Question 30

causation

Answer 30

one variable causes a change in another

Question 31

direction of relationship

Answer 31

which variable is affecting the other

Question 32

spurious relationship

Answer 32

third variable explains a connection

Question 33

validity

Answer 33

accurate

Question 34

social desirability bias

Answer 34

respondents give answers they believe are socially acceptable

Question 35

reliability

Answer 35

consistency