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Psychology > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Quantitive research?

A

Data that can be counted and is usually given as numbers.

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2
Q

What is Qualitative research?

A

Data expressed in words and is non-numerical (can be converted for analysis)

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3
Q

What are the pros of Quantitative research

A

Easy to analyse, neat conclusions

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4
Q

What are the cons of Quantitative research

A

Oversimplifies human experience

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5
Q

What are the pros of Qualitative research?

A

represents true human complexity and behaviour through rich detail of thoughts and feelings

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6
Q

What are the cons of Qualitative research

A

Difficult to analyse, can create many interpretations of the same experiment (results are debatable)

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7
Q

What are the strengths of Lab experiments

A

High control of CVs and EVs,
easy to replicate,
high reliability,
standardised instructions and equipment,
cause and effect is easy to determine

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8
Q

What are the weaknesses of Lab experiments

A

Generalisability
Lack of realism
Low ecological validity
Artificial environment

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9
Q

What are the strengths of a field experiment

A

High mundane realism
High external validity
Authentic

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10
Q

What are the weaknesses of a field experiment

A

Loss of control for CVs and EVs
Cause and effect are difficult to establish
Privacy and consent issues

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11
Q

What are the strengths of a natural experiment

A

High external validity
Opportunities for research

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12
Q

What are the weaknesses of a natural experiment

A

Rare opportunities
Lack realism
Demand Characteristics
Cannot randomly allocate participants
IV cannot be constantly observed and so cannot be claimed as changed

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13
Q

What are the strengths of a Quasi experiment

A

Controlled environment
Easy replication

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14
Q

What are the weaknesses of a Quasi experiment

A

Cannot randomly allocate participants
IV cannot be claimed as changed

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15
Q

Define laboratory experiment

A

An experiment which is conducted in highly controlled environments

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16
Q

Define a field experiment

A

An experiment where the IV is manipulated in a natural environment

17
Q

Define a natural expeiment

A

An experiment which is like a lab or field experiment (because the researcher measures the effect of an IV on a DV) However the researcher has no control over the IV. The IV is natural.

18
Q

Define a quasi experiment

A

An experiment where there is an IV that is based on an existing difference between people e.g. age, height, weight, sexuality

19
Q

Define IV

A

Independent Variable, the thing that is being changed

20
Q

Define DV

A

Dependent Variable, the thing that is being measured.

21
Q

Define CV

A

Confounding Variable. The thing that affect other variables in a way that produces fake or distorted associations between two variables.

22
Q

Define EV

A

Extraneous variables. Anything that is not being investigated that has the potential to affect the outcome of a research study.

23
Q

What are the two different types of hypothesis

A

Directional and non-directional aka. one tailed and two tailed

24
Q

How do you begin a directional hypothesis

A

There will be (increase or decrease)…

25
Q

How do you begin a non-directional hypothesis

A

There will be a difference…

26
Q

What is the difference between directional and non-directional hypothesis

A

Directional hypothesis will have prior research whereas a non-directional hypothesis won’t.

27
Q

Define hypothesis

A

testable statement for a relationship between two or more variables. Precise. Predicts the significant difference in the DV from the IV

28
Q

What are the three experimental designs

A

Independent, Repeated and Matched Pairs

29
Q

Define Independent design

A

Using different ppts in each experimental condition- ppts are only used once

30
Q

Define Repeated measures design

A

Participants take part in both experimental comditions

31
Q

Define matched pairs design

A

Use different participants in each experimental condition but participants have been matched with another participant based on key variables that might affect performance e.g. alcohol tolerance, gender, IQ

32
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of independent group design

A

Advantages: no order effects, fewer demand characteristics, time saved

Disadvantages: more participants needed, individual differences of participants in different condition.

33
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of repeated measures design

A

Advantages: less effect of individual differences, more data for fewer participants

Disadvantages: order effects, demand characteristics, stimulus materials

34
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of matched pairs design

A

Advantages: participant variables kept more constant due to matching, no order effects as ppts only take part in one condition, fewer demand characteristics

Disadvantages: more participants, matching is difficult, time consuming

Psychology (7 decks)

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