Research methods Flashcards
main methods
- experiments
- observation
- self-report
- correlations
other methods
- meta analysis
- case studies
- content analysis
introduction
experiments
- main methods
- allows mesurement of one variable or another
introduction
IV
change
(ndependant ppl can change)
DV
mesure
introduction
observation
- aim is to watch the behaviour without manipulation
- removes bias and increases validity as this is their natural behaviour
- e.g. watching cctv cameras, two sided mirror
introduction
self- report
- questionares
- interviews
introduction
correlation
(most forgotten)
- rather than seeing jwo one variable affects the other we see if two variables are associated
- e.g. do students who study longer get better gradees
- scatter graph/gram used
meaning
reliable
consistencey
meaning
vaild
accuracy
direcrtional
when the direction of the difference has
non-directional
when the direction of the difference has
3 criteria for obseration
covert/overt
non/ppt
control/natural
natural
watching and recordng behaviour in setting where it would naturally occur e.g. nature documentary
+less demand characteristics and socai desirability
+ high ecological validity
- cant control extraneous variables
- hard to replicate, unreliable?
controlled
watching and recording behavir within a structured envroment where variables controled e.g. zimbardo
+ can control extraneous variables
+ easier to replicate, reliable
- demand ch, social d
overt
watching and recording when ppts know they are bieng watched e.g. cctv
+ less ethical issues
- higher chance of ppt reactvity
covert
observing and recorning without ppts nowledge e.g. hidden cameras, tea room trade
+high ecological validity
- ethical issues
- psychological harm, anxiety
ppt
when researcher disguses themselves into the group they are oserving e.g. jake perulta
+increased insight
+may increase validity
- subjectivity
- deception
non ppt
when researcher remains outside of the group they are watching e.g. invidulator
+more objective
- may miss out on valuable insgight
observational desgign
unstructured
when reseracher records everything they see
+qualitative
- hard o may attention to everything
Behavioural categories
when a target behaviour is broken into components that are observable and measurable and specific
e.g. leaving the room, laughing
practice behavioural categories
anger
shouting
clenched fists
arched eyebrows
practice behavioural categories
affection
smiling
hugging
holding hands
observational design
sampling methods
refers to how often data is recorded, not how ppts are selected
event
time
intervals in time sampling refer to the tine between observations not te