Research Methods

Question 1

Independent Variable (IV)

Answer 1

The Value We change

Question 2

Dependent Variable (DV)

Answer 2

The one we measure

Question 3

Extraneous Variable

Answer 3

Other variables that you’re not investigating that can affect the outcome and the dependent variable E.G., light intensity or sound

Question 4

Confounding Variable

Answer 4

An extraneous variable that is not only affects the dv but is also related to the IV so can’t be sure if the correlation is correct

Question 5

Control Group

Answer 5

A group of people who run the experiment before the IV is changed as a baseline to compare with the experiment group results

Question 6

Lab experiment

Answer 6

Controlled experiment in an artificial environment

Question 7

Field experiment

Answer 7

An experiment taking place in a participants natural setting for a result that is easily transferable into the real world

Question 8

Correlation

Answer 8

Results that are interlocked and Effect one another similar results or opposite correlation EG as one increases so does the other

Question 9

Objectivity

Answer 9

Scientific and uninfluenced by personal or past experiences free of biased views and not affected by beliefs and emotions

Question 10

Subjectivity

Answer 10

Making of assumptions making interpretations based on personal opinions without a verifiable facts possibly influenced by personal opinion or past experiences with a heck a lot of bias

Question 11

Reliability

Answer 11

The consistency of results

Can use other Studies to Show the Reliability of a Study

Question 12

Inter rate reliability

Answer 12

A measure of consistency where judges, judge the consistency of how people do, for example, in a test/ the consistency of marks given in said test

Question 13

Test retest reliability

Answer 13

A measure of consistency of a psychological test/assessment aka can the test be replicated

Question 14

Internal validity

Answer 14

Weather an effect is a genuine one and has measured what it it intended to measure and the extent to which it can be applied beyond the research setting, usually determined by if it has a cause and effect, that has been

Question 15

Construct validity

Answer 15

Degree to which a test or instrument is capable of measuring a concept trait or other theoretical entity

Question 16

Concurrent validity

Answer 16

Extent to which the result of a particular test or measurement correspond to those of previously established measurement of the same construct AKA if the tests results match previous tests of the same nature

Question 17

External validity

Answer 17

The extent which the results from a study can be applied to other situations, groups or events

Question 18

Ecological validity

Answer 18

The ability to say that it’s( the result) what would occur in real life

Question 19

Mundane realism

Answer 19

How much it reflect a real task to see it would be in the real world

Question 20

Predictive validity

Answer 20

The ability of a test to predict the future behaviour of a person who takes it

Question 21

Generalisability

Answer 21

The extent of which we can apply the findings of our researched for target population we are interested in AKA the real world

Question 22

Experimenter effects

Answer 22

The influence that researchers have on participants performances and the interpretation of the results

Question 23

Demand characteristics

Answer 23

When participants start to discover the aims of the study and change the way they act and it is a natural this will affect the results causing them to become invalid

Question 24

Order effects

Answer 24

The order of the conditions having an effect on the participants behaviour only found in a repeated measures design

Question 25

Counter balancing

Answer 25

A technique used to deal with order effects when using repeated measures design by changing the order of events so that they no longer has an effect on the participants behaviour

Question 26

Randomisation

Answer 26

Non-specific or planned order picking from a sample AKA UN predictable

Question 27

A single blind procedure

Answer 27

Participants don’t know which group of the experiment they are in

Question 28

A double blind procedure

Answer 28

Neva the participants nor the experimenters know which experimental group the participants are in

Question 29

A confederate

Answer 29

A research actor who secretly participants in the experiment with the other participants

Question 30

A pilot study

Answer 30

A small scale study conducted before enlarger scale study to evaluate the potential for a future full-scale projects or in the case of an qualitative questionnaire: to find out if the questions are effective and find the correct data required and there are no issues

Question 31

The placebo effect

Answer 31

A behaviour is observed without the real trigger or reason or drug or injection to trigger set behavior being present like a normal placebo but psychology

Question 32

Aims

Answer 32

What the research is for what it is setting out do what it’s setting out to find

Question 33

An alternative hypothesis

Answer 33

Categorised into one tail and two tailed

One-tailed: variable a will be significantly higher than variable b

Two tailed: there will be a significant difference between variable a and variable b

Question 34

A null hypothesis

Answer 34

There will be no difference between variable a and variable B any difference will be down to chance