Ethics

Question 1

BPS

Answer 1

British Psychological Society

Question 2

Privacy/ confidentiality

Answer 2

Privacy of the information shared by Participents

Question 3

Informed Consent

Answer 3

The Participents Decide to partake in the studdy once given information on the studdy

Question 4

Right to withdraw

Answer 4

If participants are uncomfortable there must be aware they have a right to withdraw from the studdy at any time, and to withdraw their data.

Question 5

Competence

Answer 5

Ability of the experimenter to carry out the research effectively and right, practically and morally so the participants know but it is safe and moral to carry out the research without objection

Question 6

Debriefing

Answer 6

Making sure the participants are informed of the tasks in any risks or no-go areas or rules to follow for their safety

Question 7

Protection from psychological/physical harm

Answer 7

Responsibility to make sure no harm comes to participant in any way during the experiment as the researcher is also essentially a carer

Question 8

Deception

Answer 8

Keeping the participants from the truth must be kept to a minimum to maintain the trust between the participants and the researcher only used when the truth may affect the experiment, all use of deception must be ethical

Question 9

(animal ethics) the scientific procedures act 1986

Answer 9

Any scientific procedure that may cause lots of pain suffering distress or lasting harm to a protected animal( all non-human vertebrates and the single invertebrate species the octopus) Shouldn’t be done/ is bad?

Question 10

(animal ethics) licences

Answer 10

All procedures carried out must be by somebody holding a project license which allows the research to be carried out and a personal license which allows the researcher to carry out the research

Question 11

(animal ethics) reduction

Answer 11

Reduce the number of animals abused in the experiment by:
improving and experimental techniques
improving techniques of data analysis
and sharing information with other researchers

Question 12

(animal ethics) refinement

Answer 12

Refining the experiment or the way the animals are care for so is to reduce the suffering by:
using less invasive techniques
better medical care
and better living conditions

Question 13

(animal ethics) replacement

Answer 13

Replacing experiments on animals of alternative techniques such as:
experimenting on cell structures instead of whole animals
using computer models
studying human volunteers
and using epideminological studies

Question 14

(animal ethics) The Law

Answer 14

Home office who regulates the project license and personal license laws

They include regulations on housing environment welfare care and health
the home offices has an inspection system to ensure these rules are not violated

Question 15

(animal ethics) food deprivation

Answer 15

When planning a deprivation study researchers must consider the normal feeding and drinking patterns of animals depending on their species

for example rats are either fed once daily or maintained 85% of their free feeding the body weight

When studying reinforcement maybe necessary to private animal of food but if it’s still available as a reward it could meet the rules

Question 16

(animal ethics) electrical shocks

Answer 16

An electric shock may cause some but not extreme pain
the Home Office controls the level of the shock in the UK the average shock level is 0.68 milli-amperes averaging 0.57 seconds

Question 17

(animal ethics) pain and distress

Answer 17

Without irrelevant home office licence and relevant certificates procedures causing pain distressed or involving surgery our legal if you have the license and you can show that there is no other way to conduct the experiments then it may go on

If during surgery by experience staff the animal must be given time to recover after surgery and if they’re unable to recover they must be euthanized in a humane and respectable manner to stop further suffering

Question 18

(animal ethics) species differences and housing

Answer 18

Caging an environment + diet should be enough space for the particular species

Stress from animals could be measured by attaching radio transmitters to them

If an animal is social it should be in a social setting with companions

Disturbances of non-human animals be kept to a minimum even simple observations may adversely affect some species breeding and survival success

Question 19

(animal ethics) minimum number of animals

Answer 19

Number of animals during a study must be kept to minimum to reduce the overall impact of studies on the species of animals

Question 20

(animal ethics) cost benefit analysis

Answer 20

By using a bettasins decision cube it must be weighed up the certainty of the benefits of the study the animal suffering and the quality of the research to decide if the experiment should be held

Question 21

(animal ethics) most likely animals to be experimented on

Answer 21

The most likely animals to experimenting them are 90% rodents and birds 5% primates and dogs and cats are rarely used this is usually because mice can be bread and lamps and they have similar brain structure to humans and primates because they I’m much more complex thinkers than mice and rats