Research Designs

Question 1

Main effect

Answer 1

The separate effect of each vaariable

Question 2

Simple main effect

Answer 2

represents the effect of one given variable at a given level of the other given variable

Question 3

Factorial design

Answer 3

two or more independent variables in a single experiment

Question 4

Interaction effect

Answer 4

an interaction is present when the effect of one independent variable changes across the levels of another independent variable
-mediater/moderator variable

Question 5

Factorial Within subjects design

Answer 5

each subject is exposed to every combination of levels of all subject designs

Question 6

higher-order design

Answer 6

a factorial design including more than two independent variables

Question 7

quasi-experimental design

Answer 7

pre-existing groups are tested, and the subjects get devided into the groups according to their possesed characteristics

Question 8

quasi-independent variable

Answer 8

a variable you use like an independent variable but that is not influencable by the experimenter

Question 9

time series design

Answer 9

collects a series of observations of behaviour across time

–> you compare pretreatment performance to posttreatment performance

Question 10

interrupted time series design

Answer 10

changes in behaviour as a reaction on some naturally occuring event (as quasi independent variabel)

Question 11

equivalent time sample design

Answer 11

you administer and withdraw treatment repeatedly and observe that treatment
–> after every step observations are made

Question 12

non-equivalent control group design

Answer 12

you include a time series component along with a control group that is not exposed to the treatment

Question 13

Soloman four group design

Answer 13

Group 1: pre - treatment - post
Group 2: pre - no treatment - post
Group 3: no pre -treatment - post
Group 4: no pre - no treatment - post

–> you can determine whether the pretest alters your findings

Question 14

Baseline design

Answer 14

focuses on the behavior of a single subject both within and across the experimental treatments and does not rely on averaging to deal with uncontrolled variability
2 conditions:
A baseline (no treatment)
B intervention (treatment)

–> single subject design or small-n approach

Question 15

intrasubject replication

Answer 15

the repetition of treatment phases in a baseline design

Question 16

stability criterion

Answer 16

the point where the baseline of a treatment condition becomes stable

Question 17

Problems with the baseline design

Answer 17

1. Drifting baseline
2. uncoverable baseline
3. unequal baselines between subjects
4. inappropriate baseline levels

Question 18

AB Design

Answer 18

only a single administration of each condition is presented

Question 19

ABA Design

Answer 19

includes reversal phase in which baseline conditions are re-established after exposure to the treatment

Question 20

ABAB Design

Answer 20

offers a complete intr-subject replication of the baseline A and the intervention B