Research Design, Stats, Tests, And Measurements

Question 1

What did Kulpe believe?

Answer 1

Believed, unlike Wundt, that there could be image less thoughts.

Question 2

What was the purpose of the Binet-Simon test?

Answer 2

To determine which French children were not intelligent enough to benefit from regular schooling. The concept of mental age as also developed.

Question 3

What is the more recent form of the IQ test?

Answer 3

Stanford-Binet intelligence test.

Question 4

Who founded the first psych lab?

Answer 4

William Wundt.

Question 5

What is a noon equivalent group design?

Answer 5

When the control group is not necessarily similar to the experimental group (think studies in education).

Question 6

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer 6

Effect that being observed has on behaviour.

Question 7

What would happen if you converted every score into a z score?

Answer 7

The mean will be zero and the SD 1.

Question 8

What is the mean and SD of T scores?

Answer 8

50, 10.

Question 9

What is a correlation coefficient?

Answer 9

Measures to what extent your can predict the value of one variable with a second variable. Graphically represented by scatter plots.

Question 10

What are Type I and Type II errors?

Answer 10

Type I - Rejecting a true null hypothesis (chances are same as criterion of significance)
Type II - Accepting a false null hypothesis (chances are Beta)

Question 11

What information can you ascertain from an ANOVA?

Answer 11

F-ratio which tells us how much groups differ from each other by between and within group estimates (close to one if there is no significance), interaction effects (effect of an IV is not consistent across all levels of other IV).

Question 12

When would you use a chi square test?

Answer 12

With nominal/categorical data.

Question 13

What is the difference between norm- and domain-referenced testing?

Answer 13

Norm: assessing performance in relation to peers/standardized scores (problem - the population often changes rendering standardization invalid).
Domain: assessing mastery if a specific subject (driving test)

Question 14

What is reliability?

Answer 14

Extent to which a test is dependable, reproducible, and consistent.

Question 15

In what three ways can we measure a test’s reliability?

Answer 15

Test-retest method, alternate form method, split-half reliability.

Question 16

What are the different types of validity (7)?

Answer 16

Content (coverage of desired skill), face (does it seem to measure what it should), criterion (can it predict scores on similar tests), construct (fit in theoretical framework), predictive (predict future performance), convergent/divergent (correlations with other studies).

Question 17

Is validity a precondition for reliability?

Answer 17

Not necessarily - without reliability there is no validity, but there can be validity without reliability.

Question 18

What is the difference between an aptitude and an achievement test?

Answer 18

Aptitude: predict what one can accomplish with training
Achievement: assess current skills dan knowledge.

Question 19

What does an IQ of 100 signify?

Answer 19

That a person’s mental age is equivalent to their chronological age.

Question 20

What is the difference between a ratio and deviation IQ?

Answer 20

Ratio: mental/chron*100
Deviation: performance as it relates to others of your age group

Question 21

What kinds of tests did Weschler create?

Answer 21

Tests for preschoolers, school aged children (5-16), and adults (16+) consisting mainly of verbal and performance scales.

Question 22

What did Hathaway and McKinley use to develop the MMPI?

Answer 22

The empirical criterion keying approach - they retained all questions that differentiated between patient and non patient populations. Then they formed categories based on how differently diagnosed patients answered.

Question 23

Which other personality inventory was based on the MMPI?

Answer 23

The California Psychological Inventory - this is especially for high school and college students.

Question 24

What is the Thematic Apperception Test?

Answer 24

20 pictures of images that the test taker has to tell a story about, developed by Morgan and Murray.

Question 25

What are the Blacky pictures supposed to represent?

Answer 25

12 pictures supposed to correspond with different stages of psychosexual development.

Question 26

What is the Barnum effect?

Answer 26

Tendency to approve of the interpretation one gives of our personality (horoscopes).

Question 27

What is the Strong Cambell Interest Inventory?

Answer 27

Test takers like or dislike items of interest and then are asked to choose their preference in pairs. Based on Holland’s model with 6 interest types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional.