Personality And Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
Who proposed that psychology has evolved via Zeitgeist?
E. G. Boring: the spirit of the times.
What did Edward Tichener suggest in terms of a model? What system of psychology did it lead to?
Method of introspection which led to the system of structuralism.
What is the system of humanism?
Belief in free will and considers the person as more than just stimuli-response (behaviourism) and instincts (psychoanalysis).
Who were two famous humanists?
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
Who are two pioneers in treating the mentally ill in a humane way?
Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix.
What is general paresis?
Disorder consisting of delusions of grandeur, mental deterioration, paralysis, and death, due to syphilis.
What did Cerletti and Bini introduce?
Electroshock to create seizures in psychiatric patients, specifically as a cure for schizophrenia.
Who is Emil Kraepelin?
Man who published a textbook outlining the symptom patterns of psychiatric illnesses and who used research to classify them accordingly; created the DSM.
How did William Sheldon characterize people’s personality?
In relation to their body type.
Endomorphy: soft and spherical
Mesomorphy: hard, muscular, rectangular
Ectomorphy: thin, fragile, lightly muscled
What are the four categories of personality theories?
Psychodynamic, phenomenological, behaviourist, and type and trait.
What is the overarching psychodynamic theory of personality?
That unconscious internal states motivate overt actions and determine personality.
How do the ID, ego, and superego work according to Freud’s structural dynamic model?
The ID uses primary processes to obtain immediate gratification. The ego uses secondary processes and the reality principle to reach desires pragmatically. The superego (conscience + ego-ideal) is the moral part of personality.
What are Eros and Thanatos?
Life and death instincts, they are fuelled by libido.
What are two common characteristics of defence mechanisms?
They deny/distort reality and they are subconscious.
Name the eight main defence mechanisms.
Repression, suppression, projection, reaction formation, rationalization, regression, sublimation, displacement.
Carl Jung divided the unconscious into which two parts?
The personal and collective unconscious.
What are four common Jungian archetypes?
Persona, animus/anima, shadow (animal instinct), self (striving for unity).
Who was the originator of the inferiority complex?
Alfred Adler, he believed that striving for superiority drove personality and that selfish strives resulted in personality disorders.
What do the terms creative self, style of life and fictional finalist mean for Adler?
Creative self is the way one shapes their uniqueness, style of life is the manifestation of the creative self, fictional finalist posits that people are motivated by expectations of the future and not by observing the past.
According to Horney, what three methods do insecure children use to overcome anxiety?
Approach people to gain their good will, go against people to get the upper hand, withdraw from people.
Who founded ego psychology?
Anna Freud.
What is object relations theory?
The object is symbolic for the child’s personality, the study of the creation and development of internalized objects.
Define psychoanalysis.
Study of repressed thoughts to further development.
What is resistance according to Freud?
Resistance is when the patient is unwilling or switches topics rapidly for certain topics; it is a major part of analysis.
What is transference?
When a patient puts his relationship with others into his relationship with the therapist.
What do neo-Freudian approaches emphasize?
Current interpersonal relationships rather than childhood and sexuality.
What did John Dollard and Neil Miller do?
Blended psychoanalytic concepts in a behavioural learning approach.
How do Skinner and Bandura feel about the development of personality?
It is a result of behavioural development.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Seeing the actions of others being reinforced.
