Research 2 Flashcards
building blocks of the scientific enterprise. They are the “how” for building systematic knowledge
Research methods
knowledge simply means that it is based on observation, direct or indirect, or in other words, on experienc
empirical approach
recall or favor the information or interpretation that fits with one’s existing beliefs.
confirmation bias
rely on the most recent information we have or only consider the immediate examples that come to mind on a topic, which may not represent all the information very accurately.
availability bias
may be in the form of numbers, which are analyzed statistically
data
one deduces a proof in mathematics on the basis of certain assumptions and definitions
deduction
unified explanation of observations, some
of which may otherwise appear contradictory
theory
research provides a “ground-up” approach, using observations and conclusions to formulate a theory
inductive approach
It can also be considered a “top-down” approach because the theory precedes the data collection
deductive approach
methodological approach that closely links theory development and research through an iterative approach
Grounded theory
neither the participant nor the researcher knows who is receiving the treatment.
double-blind
which means that either the participant or the researcher does not know who received a treatment and who did not
blind
(basic statistical characteristics of
humans that are used as identity markers, such as socioeconomic status, gender, or age)
demographics
investigates potential cause-and-effect relationships between variables but are unable to manipulate or randomly assign participants
causal-comparative study (sometimes called an ex
post facto study)
describe the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of a population.
survey/polls
researchers are interested in the degree of relationship among two or more quantitative variables
correlational research
interview everyone in a population
census
capture similarity or change over a period of time
longitudinal research
implies that the individuals being studied have voluntarily agreed to participate in a given research project
participants
When individuals are being observed without their consent
subjects
awareness of an interesting research problem may come from multiple sources
including new developments in industry or in a reference discipline
Awareness of Problem
essentially a creative step wherein new functionality is envisioned based on a novel configuration of either existing or new and existing elements
Suggestion
artifact is evaluated according to criteria that are always implicit and frequently made explicit in the proposal
Evaluation
This phase could be just the end of a research cycle or is the finale of a specific
research effort
conclusion
