Research 1

Question 1

• a search for knowledge
• a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic

Answer 1

research

Question 2

objectives of research

Answer 2

1. test hypothesis
2. gain familiarity of a phenomenon
3. provide accurate statisctics
4. determine frequency of appearance

Question 3

motivations in research

Answer 3

1. get a research degree
2. face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems
3. get intellectual joy of doing some creative work
4. to be of service to society
5. Desire to get respectability

Question 4

descriptive research

Answer 4

description of the state of
affairs as it exists at present

Question 5

analytical research

Answer 5

use facts or information already available, and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material.

Question 6

applied research

Answer 6

finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organisation

Question 7

fundamental research

Answer 7

generalisations and with the formulation of a theory

Question 8

Quantitative research

Answer 8

deals with measurement quantity

Question 9

Qualitative Research

Answer 9

henomena relating to or involving quality or kind.

Question 10

understood as all those methods/techniques that are used for conduction of research

Answer 10

Research methods

Question 11

a way to systematically solve the research problem

Answer 11

Research methodology

Question 12

Kothari research process

Answer 12

1. formulate research problem
2. extensive literature survey
3. develop hypothesis
4. prepare research design
5. determine sample size
6. collection of data
7. execute project
8. analysis of data
9. test the hypothesis
10. report thesis
11. generalization and interpretation

Question 13

he must decide the general area of interest or aspect of a subject-matter that he would like to inquire into

Answer 13

Formulating research problem

Question 14

Once the problem is formulated, a brief summary of it should be written down

Answer 14

Extensive lietarure survey

Question 15

state in clear terms the working hypothesis or hypotheses

Answer 15

develop a hypothesis

Question 16

How does one go about developing working hypotheses

Answer 16

1. Discussions with colleagues and experts about the problem
2. examiniation of records
3. Review of similar studies
4. Exploratory personal investigation

Question 17

provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money.

Answer 17

Preparing the research design

Question 18

: All the items under consideration in any field of inquiry constitute a ‘universe’ or ‘population

Answer 18

Determining sample design

Question 19

purposive or deliberate selection of particular units of the universe for constituting a sample which represents the universe

Answer 19

Deliberate sampling

Question 20

chance sampling or probability sampling where each and every item in the population has an equal chance of
inclusion

Answer 20

simple random sampling

Question 21

An element of randomness is usually introduced into this kind of sampling by using random numbers to pick up the unit with which to start

Answer 21

systematic sampling

Question 22

stratified into a number of non overlapping subpopulations or strata and sample items are selected from each stratum.

Answer 22

Stratified sampling

Question 23

random samples from individual strata is often so expensive that interviewers are simply given quota

Answer 23

Quota sampling

Question 24

grouping the population
and then selecting the groups or the clusters

Answer 24

cluster sampling

Question 25

divide the total area into a number of smaller non-overlapping areas

Answer 25

Area sampling

Question 26

meant for big inquiries extending to a considerably large geographical area

Answer 26

Multi-stage sampling

Question 27

In dealing with any real life problem it is often found that data at hand are inadequate, and hence, it becomes necessary to collect data that are appropriate

Answer 27

collect the data

Question 28

Data are collected by filling up the schedules by enumerators on the basis of replies given by respondents.

Answer 28

Through schedules

Question 29

Questionnaires are mailed to the respondents with a request to return after completing the same.

Answer 29

By mailing of questionnaires:

Question 30

This method of collecting information involves contacting the respondents on telephone itself.

Answer 30

Through telephone interviews:

Question 31

The investigator follows a rigid procedure and seeks answers to a set of pre-conceived questions through personal interviews

Answer 31

Through personal interview

Question 32

This method implies the collection of information by way of investigator’s own observation, without interviewing the respondents

Answer 32

By observation

Question 33

different ways to collect data

Answer 33

1. by obervation 2. through personal interview 3. through phone interview 4. emailing questions 5. through schedules

Question 34

diffrent types of sample size design

Answer 34

1. deliberate sampling 2. simple random sampling 3. systematic sampling 4. stratefied sampling 5. quota saompling 6. cluster sampling 7. area sampling 8. multi-stage sampling 9. sequential sampling

Question 35

project is executed in a systematic manner and in time. I

Answer 35

Execution of the project

Question 36

requires a number of closely related operations such as establishment of categories, the application of these categories to raw data through coding, tabulation and then drawing statistical inferences.

Answer 36

Analysis of data

Question 37

operation is usually done at this stage through which the categories of data are transformed into symbols that may be tabulated and counted

Answer 37

Coding

Question 38

procedure that improves the quality of the data for coding

Answer 38

editing

Question 39

part of the technical procedure wherein the classified data are put in the form of tables.

Answer 39

Tabulation

Question 40

If a hypothesis is tested and upheld several times, it may be possible for the researcher to arrive at generalisation, i.e., to build a theory

Answer 40

Generalisations and interpretation

Question 41

report should carry title and date followed by acknowledgements and foreword. Then there should be a table of contents followed by a list of tables and list of graphs and charts, if any, given in the report.

Answer 41

preliminary pages

Question 42

contain a clear statement of the objective of the research and an explanation of the methodology adopted in accomplishing the research

Answer 42

Introduction

Question 43

After introduction there would appear a statement of findings and recommendations in non-technical language. If the findings are extensive, they should be summarized

Answer 43

Summary of findings

Question 44

presented in logical sequence and broken-down into readily identifiable sections

Answer 44

Main report

Question 45

Towards the end of the main text, researcher should again put down the results of his research clearly and precisely. In fact, it is the final summing up.

Answer 45

Conclusion

Question 46

This characteristic allows research results to be verified by replicating the study and thereby building a sound basis for decisions

Answer 46

Good research is replicable

Question 47

It implies that research is related basically to one or more aspects of a real situation and deals with concrete data that provides a basis for external validity to research results

Answer 47

Good research is empirical

Question 48

This implies that research is guided by the rules of logical reasoning and the logical process of induction and deduction are of great value in carrying out research

Answer 48

Good research is logical

Question 49

It means that research is structured with specified steps to be taken in a specified sequence in accordance with the well defined set of rules

Answer 49

Good research is systematic

Question 50

good research characteristics

Answer 50

1. good research is systematic 2. good research is logical 3. good research is empirical 4. good research is replicable

Question 51

Using the method of authority involves consulting some source that you consider authoritative on the issue in question

Answer 51

method of authority

Question 52

because it depends on logical reasoning rather than on authority or the evidence of one’s senses

Answer 52

rational method (rene descartes)

Question 53

fuse together information concerning separately occurring events and to make reliable predictions about future, unknown events.

Answer 53

scientific method (braithewhite)

Question 54

The starting point for using the scientific method is to observe the behavior of interest.

Answer 54

obeserve a phenomenon

Question 55

scientific method steps

Answer 55

1. Observing a Phenomenon 2. formulating tentative explanations 3. further observing 4. refining and retesting the explanations

Question 56

any characteristic or quantity that can take on two or more values

Answer 56

variable

Question 57

o develop one or more tentative explanations that seem consistent with your observations

Answer 57

Formulating Tentative Explanations

Question 58

The tentative statement that you offer concerning the relationship between your variables of interest

Answer 58

hypothesis

Question 59

design a research study to test the relationship that you proposed

Answer 59

Further Observing and Experimenting

Question 60

This process of generating new, more specific hypotheses in the light of previous results illustrates the refinement process.

Answer 60

Refining and Retesting Explanations

Question 61

The first step in the research process is to identify an issue that you want to study

Answer 61

Developing a Research Idea and Hypothesis

Question 62

which involves deriving a specific hypothesis (in this case) from general ideas

Answer 62

deductive reasoning

Question 63

Once you have narrowed your research question and developed a testable hypothesis, you must next decide on a research design to test it

Answer 63

Choosing a Research Design

Question 64

Your next decision concerns your research subjects

Answer 64

Choosing Subjects

Question 65

Your next step is to decide the behavior you want to observe

Answer 65

Deciding on What to Observe and Appropriate Measures

Question 66

Now you actually have your participants take part in your study. You observe and measure their behavior. Data are formally recorded for later analysis

Answer 66

Conducting Your Study

Question 67

After you have collected your data, you must summarize and analyze them. The analysis process involves a number of decisions

Answer 67

Analyzing Your Results

Question 68

You are now ready to prepare a report of your research

Answer 68

Reporting Your Results