Research Flashcards
accuracy of screening and diagnosis can be determined by
- reliability
- validity
reliability consistent test called
kappa value
more than 0.75 excellent
0.40-0.75 acceptable
< 0.40 poor
validity test based on
sensitivity and specificity
and ROC
sensitivity calculates
disease
Se = TP / (TP + FN)
high Se = low FN
specificity
calculate health
Sp = TN/ (TN + FP)
screening targets
large asymptomatic population
Incidence and prevalence calculation
Incidence = number of newly diseased individuals in a given time / total number of individuals at the beginning of the study
Prevalence = number of diseased individuals / total number of individuals
PICO
P: population/patient/problem
I: Intervention
C: Comparison
O: Oucome
Odds ratio
If the odds ratio equals 1, the exposure does not affect the odds of the outcome
If the odds ratio is greater than 1, the exposure is associated with increased odds of the outcome
If the odds ratio is less than 1, the exposure is associated with decreased odds of the outcome