Pathology (Medicine) Flashcards
Hepatitis B serology testing involves four specific markers to determine a patient’s infection or immunity status.
HBsAg
Anti-HBs
Anti-HBc
IgM anti-HBc
IgG anti-HBc
HBsAg: Indicates infectious hepatitis B virus
Anti-HBs: Indicates immunity to hepatitis B
Anti-HBc: Indicates natural immunity or recovery from HBV
IgM anti-HBc: Indicates acute HBV infection
IgG anti-HBc: Indicates chronic or recovered HBV
A patient with an acute infection will be positive for?
person in acute phase of Hep B
IgM anti-HBc
Hep B: positive HBsAg and anti-HBc
A patient with acute hepatitis B infection will have positive serology results
HBsAg, anti-Hbc, IgM anti-HBc.
Type 1 : what antibodies and example
Type I hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies which cause mast and basophil cell degranulation. These cells release histamine and other vasoactive compounds which are responsible for the acute symptoms of an allergic reaction. Examples include asthma and dermatitis.
Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction and examples
Type II hypersensitivity reactions are IgM and IgG-mediated and trigger complement activation which leads to cell and tissue damage. Examples include pemphigus and mucous membrane pemphigoid.
Type 4 hypersensitivity and examples
Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are cell-mediated, where the body’s own CD4 and CD8 T-cells develop strong responses to antigens. Examples include lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Type 3 hypersensitivity and examples
Type III hypersensitivity reactions are immune complex-mediated. These immune complexes deposit themselves in tissues such as the skin, kidney or joints, as seen in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
which one is immune-complex mediated hypersensitivity
type 3, example SLE
patients will have characteristic red/purple lesions (birthmarks) usually limited to one side of the face.
Sturge-weber angiomatosis
vascular malformations along the distribution of the trigeminal nerves
Port wine stain
Sturge-weber syndrome
difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Type I diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder that causes β-cell destruction and insulin deficiency.
Type II diabetes mellitus is caused by β-cells dysfunction and is associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and insulin resistance.
Basal Cell Nevus syndrome is inherited with what pattern
Autosomal dominant
Crouzon syndrome
Midface hypoplasia, bulging eyes, frontal bossing, hypertelorism, maxillary retrognathism, brachycephaly (short skull AP)
Does cleidocranial dysplasia have hypodontia or supernumerary teeth?
supernumerary teeth, also delaed /absent of permanent dentition
Triad of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
- facial paralysis
- fissured tongue
- granulomatous cheilitis
Hornor Syndrome
Affects the face and eyes on one side of the body.
1. Ptosis (drooping of upper eyelid)
2. Miosis (constricting of the pupils)
3. Anhidrosis (decreased sweating)
Btw cleft lip and palate what is treated first and when?
Cleft lip (3-6 months)
then cleft palate (6-12 months)
1st evidence of tooth development
dental lamina
dentin and dental pulp arise from
dental papilla
PDL, cementum and alveolar bone arise from
dental follicle
Nikolsky sign
pemphigus vulgaris
which one have conjunctiva of eye? mucous membrane pemphigoid or pemphigus vulgairs
mucous membrane pemphigoid, it can lead to blindness
HPV is associated with what type of SCC
oropharyngeal
HPV can cayse many cancers includeing
oropharync, larynx, cervix, penis, anus
EBV virus related to what type of cancer
nasopharyngeal and Burkitt’s lumphoma