Oral Path Flashcards
Demographic and location affected by peripheral ossifying fibroma
Maxillary anterior gingiva on young adults and kids
Ectomesenchyme derivates include
Bone
Cartilage
Connective tissue
Adipocytes
Dental tissues (such as dentin, pulp, cementum, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament)
Oral hairy leukoplakia is most often seen in patients with a CD4+ count of less than
500
biopsy is a technique to screen the oral cavity
brush
Pemphigus vulgaris
Immune-mediated mucocutaneous
disease that causes desmosome
destruction
● Painful, bleeding, gingiva and mucos
● Requires referral to dermatology for cutaneous involvement
● Associated with positive Nikolsky sign
● Symptomatic management includes dexamethasone rinse
Location of squamous cell carcinoma:
Lateral border of the tongue
location of ranula:
floor of the mouth
Taste buds are bathed in saliva from the _______ which are minor serous salivary glands.
Von Ebner’s glands
_____ is a benign growth of cells native to the organ. (OG)
hamartoma
____ is a new and abnormal growth of tissue in the body with uncontrolled proliferation.
neoplasm
Fibrous dysplasia
Diffuse, blending borders with “ground glass” appearance
Location of dens invaginatus:
Permanent maxillary laterals
Cleidocranial dysplasia causes hypodontia or supernumerary teeth
supernumerary
Mucous membrane
pemphigoid
● Immune-mediated mucocutaneous
disease that causes hemidesmosome
destruction
● Erythematous, sloughing gingiva and
mucosa
● May be painful or painless
● Requires referral to ophthalmology for conjunctiva
involvement
● Symptomatic management includes dexamethasone rinse
ranula occurs due to
trauma
Malignant tumor of pigment producing cells:
melanoma
Incisional biopsy lesions size
larger than 1 cm
Excisional = less than 1 cm
Lesion that arises during periods of hormonal flux (i.e. pregnancy or
puberty):
pyogenic granuloma
what biopsy required for pemphigus vulgaris, and membrane pemphigoid,
punch biopsy
Van der woude syndrome
rare genetic disorder with cleft lip/and or alate and lower lip pits and bifid tongue
Common dentoalveolar anomalies in patients with cleft lip and palate patients include
supernumerary and a prognathic mandible.
Peripheral ossifying fibroma may originate as
traumatic fibroma
Location of mucocele:
lower labial mucose
sickle cell anemia complications include
spenic sequestration crosis (splenectomy) and cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
Lymphangioma is associated with
Sturge weber syndrome
HPV involved in cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and other
cancers
HPV 16 and 18
Most common odontogenic, developmental cyst
Dentigerous cyst
Nikolsky sign
Pemphigus vulgaris
Crouzon syndrome,
causes craniosynostosis (early closure of skull sutures, including those on top of the skull and on the maxilla). Crouzon syndrome, specifically, shows symptoms of:
brachycephaly (short skull anteroposteriorly)
midface deficiency or hypoplasia
frontal bossing (prominent forehead)
hypertelorism (widely separated eyes)
proptosis/exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
class III malocclusion.
Herpangina with sore throat, trouble swallowing and fever, red macules present o soft palate and tonsillar pillars
coxsackievirus A
Secondary Sjogren’s syndrome occurs secondary to another autoimmune condition like
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, or scleroderma.
Lisch nodules
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (Von
Recklinghausen’ disease)
where is mouth nicotine stomatitis occur
palate,
occurs due to extreme heat in mouth from smoking
apthous ulcer associated with
bechet’s disease and crohn’s disease
Lyme disease symptoms
bull’s eye or target rash as well as fever, chills, headache, fatigue, and muscle or joint aches.
Introrally, HSV usually appears on
herpes simplex presents mainly on keratinized tissues (e.g. vermillion border of lips, hard palate, attached gingiva) in immunocompetent patients
HbA1c count every ____ months
whats ideal for well-controlled diabetes
3 months
6.5-7
Pierre Robin Sequence is most commonly associated with ___________________which can present with the same craniofacial abnormalities.
Stickler syndrome , a condition that affects connective tissues, specifically collagen
triad of symptoms seen in Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome.
facial paralysis, fissured tongue, and granulomatous cheilitis
tx of traumatic bone cyst
Treatment includes curettage in an attempt to initiate bleeding to allow for healing and bony filling of the cavity.
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Calcified mass in the maxillary sinus:
antrolith
HIV medications like Neucleoside reverse transcriptase (lamivudine (Epivir®) and zidovudine (Retrovir®) can cause what oral manifestation
hyperpigmentation in oral mucosal tissue
Neoplasm in the oral cavity:
fibroma
Sickle cell anemia causes
swelling in extremities, episodes of pain, abdomen. pallow and delayed eruption of dentin
differentiate mucous membrane pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris
Mucous membrane pemphigoid: presents in the mouth as bleeding gingiva, erosions, ulcerations, and sloughing tissue. Extraoral involvement is often to the eyes.
Pemphigus vulgaris: presents in the mouth as widespread ragged-appearing ulcerations. Extraoral involvement is often to the skin, and oral lesions can precede skin lesions in some cases.
apert syndrome
crocephalosyndactyly, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes craniosynostosis, acrocephaly (tall skull), byzantine arch (narrow palate with high vault), and syndactyly (fusion of fingers and toes).
A lymphoepithelial cyst
is a slow-growing benign lesion that most commonly presents on the ventral surface and lateral borders of the tongue and floor of the mouth.
SCC
1st most common location
what’s the risk?
1st most comon: lateral border of tongue
2nd: floor of mouth
Risk: alcohol and tobacco
Pierre Robin Sequence is most commonly associated with______ which can present with the same craniofacial abnormalities.
Stickler syndrome
- condition that affects connective tissues specifically collagen
The______ virus most commonly causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina.
coxsackie
The clinical findings of a blue macule that blanches on compression, suggests the diagnosis of a
varix. A varix is an abnormally dilated blood or lymphatic vessel, commonly presented as a vein.
Location of KCOT (keratocystic odontogenic tumor)
Posterior ascending
ramus of mandible
presents on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue as a pebbly surface
with numerous translucent vesicles:
Lymphangioma
mass composed of normal cells in an abnormal location in the body.
Choristoma
Addison’s disease is an
autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands resulting in a pathognomonic finding of generalized hyper-pigmented blue-black or brown macules on the tongue, buccal mucosa, and hard palate.
Exudate from the abscess will contain a high abundance of
neutrophils, lymphocytes, necrotic tissue, and microbial colonies.
Mass found on the midline of the neck and moves during swallowing
thyroglossal duct cyst
Bacteria to cause peptic ulcer disease:
H. Pylori
5 P’s for exophytic pink lesion
peripheral ossifying fibroma
peripheral giant cell granuloma
parulis
pyogenic granuloma
fibroepithelial polyp.
kaposi sarcoma what
hhv 8
It initially presents as purple, red, or brown spots often on the hard palate, gingiva, or tongue that can resemble bruises and later develops a nodular appearance with or without secondary ulceration.
Oral mucosa is derived from
oral ectoderm and digestive endoderm.
location of granular cell tumor:
Dorsal part of the tongue
Bohn’s nodules
are white-yellow firm papules found on the hard palate.
A key oral finding is crusty ulcerations on the vermilion borders of the lips.
erythema mutiforme
have target lesion
are immune-mediated
The most common cause of failure for metal fiber posts is .
root fracture
Frictional hyperkeratosis occurs
due to cheeck biting. it is also called morsicatio buccarum
______ rinses can be used in the treatment of certain inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as lichen planus.
Corticosteroid rinses such as dexamethasone
sign of pemphigus vulgaris:
nikolsky sign
Ramsay hunt syndrome
(herpes zoster oticus) occurs when a shingles outbreak affects the facial nerve near one of your ears.
Limited mobility of facial muscles and tinnitus on the right side
opportunistic oral infection:
Candidiasis
Signs of Eagle syndrome include
- Pain during swallowing and head movement
- Shooting pains from the throat to the jaw
- Ringing of the ears
- Feeling like something is stuck in the throat (globus sensation)
Location of osteonecrosis of the jaw
posterior mandible
Crepitus is characteristic of
osteoarthritis of the TMJ.
periapical scar
well defined radiolucency found after endo treatment. have dense fibrous collagenous tissue
what is another name for mandibulofacial dysostosis
treacher collin’s syndrome
denture related oral pathologies
: Epulis fissuratum and inflammatory
papillary hyperplasia
_____ is a type of germ cell tumor made of several different types of tissues such as hair, muscle teeth or bone.
teratoma
The chief risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC),
are tobacco and alcohol.
bacteria associated with erysipelas, a superficial infection of the skin, which results in a tender red rash with raised borders and is possibly accompanied by a high fever, chills, headache, and malaise
streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep)
Horner syndroe
Ptosis
Miosis
Anhidrosis
biopsy that has Verocay bodies in Antoni-A areas, which is a classical histological feature of
schwannoma.
difference btw ecchymosis and petechiae
An ecchymosis is a site of localized internal bleeding that is larger than 10 mm, whereas petechiae are pinpoint hemorrhages that manifest as small (1-2 mm) red or purple spots on the skin and are caused by minor bleeds from broken capillary blood vessels.
bacteria in abscesses, boils, furuncles, and cellulitis), as well as more systemic infections (e.g. pneumonia and endocarditis)
staphylococcus aureus
A Chancre is a non-painful ulcer at the site of inoculation, seen in
primary syphilis.
what needs to be ruled out for central giant cell granuloma
hyperparathyroidism
Odontogenic cyst
Radicular cyst
Finding in the mandibular canine-premolar region along the lateral root
surface of a vital tooth:
lateral periodontal cyst
Scurvy
is a disease caused by a severe vitamin C deficiency and commonly presents with swollen, bleeding gums.
what is epithelial dysplasia
Abnormal maturation and changes in the epithelium stratification characterize oral epithelial dysplasia
most common failure of implants it
heavy smoking, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, bisphosphonate therapy, and chemotherapy or radiation.
cleidocranial dysplasia, features
defective or missing clavicles, and distinct facial features including:
Frontal bossing
Enlarged fontanelles
Hypertelorism
Maxillary hypoplasia
Mandibular prognathism
Specifically, a deficiency in which vitamin can accounts for approximately 25% of angular cheilitis cases.
vitamin B2
_____ is a medication that is known to precipitate recurrence of infection by varicella zoster virus.
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®) - chemotherapy and immunosuppressive drug
Multiple myeloma
● CRAB: Calcium elevation (hypercalcemia), Renal failure,
Anemia, and Bone damage
Results in multiple “punched out”
radiolucencies
● IV bisphosphonates and corticosteroids
Benign salivary gland tumor:
pleomorphic adenoam
Fibrous dysplasia is associated with
McCune Albright Syndrometr
Treponema pallidum is the causative agent of
syphilis
Mononucleosis:
Caused by EBV
Mono/Kissing disease
Can increase stimulated salivary output
fatigue, fever, rash, swollen glands, sore throat, and drooling.
biopsy for suspected herpetic lesions or candidiasis.
cytologic smear
treacher collin’s syndrome
● Genetic disorder that affects the
development of facial bones and
associated tissues
● Underdeveloped cheekbones and lower jaw
● Dental abnormalities, including hypodontia
● Cleft palate
● Small, malformed ears
● Downward slanting eyes
● Hearing loss
● Breathing difficulties
Gumma is a soft, granulomatous, tumor-like mass that occurs in
tertiary syphilis.
Transposition
Maxillary canine with 1st premolar
Scleroderma oral manifestations
(it is autoimmune with abnormal growth of connective tissue) hardening and tightening of skin
microstomia
xerostomia
erosions of the mandible
widened periodontal ligament space.
Teeth associated with dentigerous cyst:
Canines and third molars
Finding in patients Epstein Barr virus or HIV patients:
oral hairy leukoplakia
most common oral ulcer
traumatic ulcer
Chemical burn - wipe off or not?
Chemical burns are lesions that can develop anywhere in the oral cavity and cause a painful white plaque that can be wiped off.
Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune cause of xerostomia, which can cause various other issues such as
angular cheilitis, decay, and traumatic ulcerations.
hyperparathyroidism
brown tumors
second most common oral ulcer
apthous ulcer (canker sore)
Bacteria for dental caries: S
streptococcus mutans
tongue tie
ankyloglossia
Location of nasopalatine cyst:
: Anterior hard palate posterior to the
maxillary central incisors
1st lime of tx for Ramsay hunt syndrome
corticosteroids such as prednisone and antiviral medications such as acyclovir.
Varicella zoster virus remains latent predominantly in the
trigeminal ganglion, but also in the dorsal root ganglion
geographic tongue is due to
stress, hormones, nutritional deficiencies
Name:
HHV 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1): Gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, herpes labialis, herpetic whitlow, encephalitis
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HHV-2): Genital herpes, neonatal herpes
Varicella-Zoster virus (HHV-3): Chickenpox, shingles, encephalitis
Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4): Mononucleosis, Burkitt lymphoma
Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5): Mononucleosis, congenital CMV, AIDS retinitis
Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6, HHV-7): Roseola infantum
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8): Kaposi sarcoma
______is a non-wipeable white plaque on the vestibule and can show up after prolonged use of smokeless tobacco.
Smokeless tobacco keratosis
The most common cause of failure for carbon fiber posts is .
decementation bc thermal expansion btw carbon fiber ad dentin, aging of cement
Difference between idiopathic osteosclerosis and condensing osteitis
Idiopathic osteosclerosis presents with a radiopaque lesion at the apex of a tooth and an intact lamina dura.
Condensing osteitis is common in teeth with deep restorations or decay and appears at the apex of a non-vital tooth.
Location of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia:
mandibular anterior teeth
mucous retention cyst
radiopaque, dome-shaped structure with a rounded edge
Salivary gland malignancy:
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
