Gross anatomy Flashcards
indirectly facilitate tooth eruption by differentiating into osteoblasts.
osteoprogenitor cells
which cells signaled to the area of an erupting tooth to clear a path for eruption.
osteoclasts
The majority of sensory innervation to the TMJ is through the
auriculotemporal nerve
The temporomandibular joint is a synovial joint that is divided into superior and inferior capsules which are separated by
articulating disc
resorption of dentin and cementum. They are involved in the physiologic resorption of roots as well as pathologic internal and external resorption.
odontoclasts
orbicularis oris muscle innervated by
buccal nerve of facial nerve
muscles of mastication
- temporalis
- masseter
- lateral and medial pterygoid
direct of jaw moves typically related to ?
ipsilateral condyle
rhomboid muscle function
have major and minor. both function to retract the scapula
wharton’s ducts
submandibular glands
Hyoglossus
Depresses, retrudes the tongue
macrophage is present in acute or chronic stage of inflammation
chronic
TMJ apparatus
glenoid fossa of temporal bone, condylar head, and articular tubercle of temporal bone
bartholin’s ducts
sublingual glands
intermediate retrodiscal tissue
consists of loose areolar connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves
muscle of mastication that opens the mouth
lateral pterygoid
parotid secret
serous secretion
This synovial fluid is secreted by the cells of the
synovial membrane
example of type 3 hypersensitivity
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
trigeminal branch innervates
- opthalamic
- max
- mandibular
damage to internal laryngeal nerve
loss of laryngeal cough reflex
bilateral joint complaints would usually be reported in these patients
Rheumatoid arthritis
which ligament limit excessive protrusion of mandible
stylomandibular ligament
submandibular gland is seperated by
mylohyoid muscle
tourodontism occurs why?
Taurodontism occurs due to late or absent invagination of the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath and is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta and ectodermal dysplasia.
branches of external carotid artery
Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students
Superior Thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery
example of type 4 hypersensitivity
Contact dermatitis (poison ivy)
Tuberculin or TB skin test
Graft versus host disease (GvHD)
superior retro discal lamina composed of? and receive blood supply from
composed of elastic fiber,
superficial temporal artery
this prevents the disc from dislocating anteriorly
damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve
hoarse voice, difficulty during prolong speaking, vocal cord paralysis
where does glossopharyngeal nerve, the vagus nerve, and the accessory nerve.
jugular foramen
damage to external laryngeal nerve
similar to recurrent but not damaged by surgical interventions
von ebner gland
present on circumvallate papillae, purely serous
what artery supply anteior portion of tmj
wo branches of the maxillary artery–the anterior tympanic artery and the deep auricular artery.
example of type 2 hypersensitivity
Acute transfusion reaction
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Inferior retro discal lamina composed of?
collagen fibers
prevents the disc from excessively rotating over condyle
fascial space infections
submandibular
sublingual
submental
submasseteric
submandibular: 2 and 3 molars
sublingual: incisors, canines, premolars and 1st molars
submental: mandibular incisors
submasteric: impacted 3rd molars
which vitamin ___ deficiency exacerbates symptoms related to nervous system degeneration in patients that use nitrous oxide.
vitamin B12: causin weakness, tingling, and numbness, sensory deficits, ataxia, gait disturbance
Palatoglossus
Elevates the posterior tongue
Draws the soft palate onto the tongue
Arthrocentesis
procedure in which needles are used to puncture the capsular ligament of the TMJ and flush out the superior joint space. This is a surgical procedure that is typically only considered if the patient’s pain is intense and persistent and has not responded to more conservative measures such as occlusal splint fabrication.
frontalis
eyebrows and wrinkles of forhead
stensen’s ducts
parotid gland
what innervates orbicularis oris
buccal nerve
Contralateral movements:
to the left
right lateral pterygoid and the right medial pterygoid
plays a key role in neutralizing pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses.
IgA
mumps and orchitits
parotid gland: stensen’s ducts
A_______ view is a plain film that best visualizes the lateral aspect of the TMJ,
transcranial
which muscle of mastication is not affected by ramus
lateral pterygoid
lower joint space of tmj movement?
rotational movements like depression and elevation
sublingual secrets
mucous secretion
enamel consists of?
95% inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals, 0.5% organic matrix, and 4.5% water.
submandibular secrets
mixed serous and mucous
function of synovial fluid
provides lubrication, distributes nutrients, and acts as a cushion for shock absorption.
painless preauricular crepitus is usually associated with .
osteoarthritis
where does the V3 (mandibular) nerve exits from skull
foramen ovale
zygomatic nerve innervates
facial expression around cheeck and eye region
example of type 1 hypersensitivity
Anaphylaxis
Food or drug allergies
Eczema
Asthma
Respiratory acidosis is caused by
Respiratory alkalosis is caused
hypoventilation
by hyperventilation and high altitude.
Platysma
corners of mouth and lower lip
what anatomic marker divides anterior and posterior triangles of the neck
sternocleidomastoid
unilateral contraction can cause the chin to elevate and rotate towards the opposite side
Bilateral contraction causes flexure of the neck.
mediators in these hypersensitivities
type 1, 2, 3, 4
type 1: IgE (minutes to hours)
Type 2: IgG/IgM (hours to days)
Type 3: IgG antigen-antibody (hours to days) complex
type 4: T cells (days)
ducts of rivinus
associated with sublingual glands
type of stem cell that plays crucial a role in bone formation and repair. These cells differentiate into osteoblasts, which help remodel the alveolar bone to create a pathway for tooth eruption.
osteoprogenitor cells
Genioglossus function
protrude the tongue
upper join space of tmj movement?
translational movements like protrusion and retrusion
Condyle moves downwards and opens the mouth
sensory nerve to tongue
vagus (10), glossopharyngeal (9), trigeminal lingua (V3)
dentin made of?
45% hydroxyapatite. The organic matrix and water compose 33% and 22%, respectively.
what artery supply tmj
mainly superficial temporal (retro discal tissue of TMJ) and maxillary arteries (anterior portion of TMJ) of external carotid artery
eagle syndrome affects what ligament
stylohoid ligament
it is very painful, can’t move the neck, shooting pain from throat to jaw
Facial nervce (CV??
7
The largest and most superficial muscle group within the cheek region is ____, if it’s hurts can cause tmd (clicking sounds)
masseter muscle
The four stages of wound healing are
hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.
Normal opening for the TMJ is
35-50 mm
hingle and sliding movement of tmj called
ginglymoarthrodial
the articulating surfaces of the TMJ are lined with
fibrocartilage : majority is type 1
Anterior-only splints can lead to supra eruption of ______ when worn for extended periods of time.
posterior teeth
Styloglossus
Retrudes and elevates the tongue
Contralateral movements:
to the right
left lateral pterygoid and left medial pterygoid
lateral ligament does what
outer oblique portion limits mouth opening
inner horizontal portion prevents the disc and condyle from dislocating posteriorly
Metabolic acidosis is caused _____
metabolic alkalosis is caused by .
by renal failure
vomiting
function of deltoid
abduct the arm and shoulder
which congenital heart defect is the most common cause of childhood cyanosis and cause blue appearance to lips and fingernails
Tetralogy of Fallot
causes blue appearance to lips and fingernails
where does the facial nerve exits from skull
stylomastoid foramen
sphenomandibular ligament has embryonic remnant of what cartilage
meckel’s cartilage
“with reduction” vs “without reduction” means
“with reduction” : clicking and poping sounds heard upon opening
“without” : limited range of motion bs jaw is locked
where does the V2 (maxillary ) nerve exits from skull
foramen rotundum
capsular ligament have what?
synovial fluid
taste nerves with have special visceral afferent (SVA) fiber
facial (7), glossopharyngeal (9), vagus (10)
_____ splints help by protruding the mandible, which aids sleep apnea patients to open the airway.
anterior repositioning
syndrome include pain during swallowing and head movement, shooting pains from the throat to the jaw, ringing of the ears, or feeling like something is stuck in the throat.
eagle syndrome
cementum made of
Cementum is still softer than dentin, containing approximately 40-45% inorganic minerals and the rest being organic matrix and water.
facial nerve innervates
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular branch, cervical
what is calcification of dentin tubules
dentinal sclerosis
