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PHYSICS > REQUIRED PRACTICALS > Flashcards

REQUIRED PRACTICALS Flashcards

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1
Q

(1) investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls:

A
  1. mark a starting/ finishing line using tape
  2. measure the distance around the track using a trundle wheel/ tape measure
  3. start the stopwatch when the runner leaves the starting line and stop the stopwatch when the runner crosses the finish line
  4. make sure that the runner runs along the same part of the track that was measured
  5. have three different people run and find a mean time
  6. calculate average speed by using the equation average speed= distance of track/ mean time taken
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2
Q

(2) Investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands:

A
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3
Q

(2) Investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands: independent variable

A

force/ weight hanging from the spring

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4
Q

(2) Investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands: dependent variable

A

extension of spring

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5
Q

(2) Investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands: control variable

A

same spring, room temperature

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6
Q

(2) Investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands:

A
  1. measure the initial length of the spring using a set square and ruler
  2. hang a 100g mass on the spring and measure the extended length
  3. measure the length at eye level to avoid parallax error
  4. calculate and record the weight using weight= mass x gravity
  5. calculate and record the extension using extended length - original length
  6. repeat steps using increasing masses 200g, 300g, 400g, 500g, 600g
  7. plot a graph of force/weight against extension
  8. If the graph is a straight line trough the origin, force is proportional to extension and the spring obeys Hooke’s law
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7
Q

(3) investigate how insulating materials can be charged with friction:

A
  1. charge a polythene rod by rubbing it with a cloth
  2. place the charged rod on a watch glass
  3. charge the second polythene rod by running it with a cloth
  4. place the second rod near the first rod on a watch glass
  5. the rods should repel one- another
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8
Q

(4) investigate the refraction of light using: rectangular blocks, semi-circular blocks, right-angled triangular prisms and equilateral triangular prisms:

A
  1. critical angle= sin c= 1/n
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9
Q

(5) investigate the refractive index of glass: independent variable:

A

angle of incidence

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10
Q

(5) investigate the refractive index of glass: dependent variable:

A

angle of refraction

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11
Q

(5) investigate the refractive index of glass:

A
  1. place a rectangular glass block on a piece of paper and trace around it with a pencil
  2. shine a ray of light from a ray box at a rectangular block
  3. trace the ray into and out of the block
  4. remove the block and draw the normal line where the ray entered using a protractor
  5. measure and record the incident angle
  6. vary the incident Angle and repeat
  7. calculate sin i and sin r
  8. plot a graph of sin i against sin r
  9. the gradient of the graph is the refractive index of the glass block
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12
Q

(6) investigate the speed of sound in air (with people):

A
  1. measure 100m using a tape measure or a trundle wheel
  2. at one end, have a person make a loud noise by banging two sticks together
  3. at the 100m mark, have a person time from when they see the two sticks hitting to when they hear the sound using a stopwatch
  4. repeat five times and calculate the mean time
  5. calculate the speed of sound by using average speed= 100m/ mean time
  6. be sure to wait until there is no wind before taking a reading
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13
Q

(6) investigate the speed of sound in air (with a microphone):

A
  1. place microphones 2 metres apart using a tape measure
  2. make a very loud/ sharp sound on the far side of microphone A
  3. microphone A will start the microsecond timer and microphones B will stop the microsecond timer
  4. record the time for the sound to travel from microphone A to microphone B
  5. repeat 5 times and find a mean time
  6. calculate the speed of sound by using speed= 2.00m/ mean time
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14
Q

(7) PAPER TWO ONLY investigate the frequency of a sound wave using an oscilloscope:

A
  1. connect the microphone to the oscilloscope using the leads
  2. create a steady sound using a speaker
  3. adjust the time base so that at least one complete wave is on the screen
  4. count the number of divisions for one complete wave (i.e. crest to crest)
  5. calculate the time period of the wave by multiplying the number of divisions for one wave by the time base
  6. calculate the frequency of the wave using f= 1/T
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15
Q

(8) investigate thermal energy transfer by conduction:

A
  1. a Bunsen burner heats up the end of a rod
  2. thermal energy is transferred via conduction
  3. the particles at the hot end of the rod vibrate more and transfer their energy by colliding with the particles next to them
  4. the thermal energy transfers from hot to cold
  5. this melts the wax and paper clips fall off
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16
Q

(8) investigate thermal energy transfer by convection:

A
  1. water above a Bunsen burner heats up
  2. the particles in the water gain kinetic energy and vibrate more, they move apart making hot water less dense
  3. the hot water rises
  4. the cold water is more dense and falls to replace the hot water
  5. this sets up a convection current
17
Q

(8) investigate thermal energy transfer by radiation:

A
  1. Leslie cube- each side is painted a different colour o texture
  2. fill the container with hot water from a kettle and measure the temperature radiating from each surface using an infrared thermometer
  3. matt black surfaces radiate heat the best
18
Q

(9) investigate density using direct measurements of mass and volume: regular object

A

1.measure the length of each side of the cuboid using a ruler
2. calculate volume using volume= length x width x height
3. measure the mass using a balance
4. make sure that the balance is zeroed before using
5. calculate density using density= mass/volume

19
Q

(9) investigate density using direct measurements of mass and volume: irregular object

A
  1. measure the mass of object using a balance
  2. make sure that the balance is zeroed before using
  3. fill a measuring cylinder halfway with water
  4. record the initial volume of water at eye level and from the bottom of the meniscus
  5. lower the rock into the measuring cylinder and record the final volume
  6. calculate volume of the rock by taking the final volume of water - initial volume
  7. calculate density using density= mass/ volume
    - may need to use a eureka can
20
Q

(10) investigate the specific heat capacity of materials including water and some solids:

A
  1. measure and record the mass of the block using a balance- make sure that the balance is on zero before using it
  2. measure and record the initial temperature of the block using a thermometer
  3. turn on heater and at the same time start the stopwatch
  4. record the current and voltage supplied to the heater
  5. leave the heater on so that the block heats up by about 20 degrees celsius
  6. turn of the heater and stopwatch at the same time
  7. record the time and the final temperature of the block
  8. calculate the change in temperature of the block taking away the initial temperature from the final temperature
  9. calculate energy supplied using E= IVt
  10. calculate the specific heat capacity by using c= energy supplied/ mass x change in temp
21
Q

(11) investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and between two bar magnets: iron filings

A
  1. place two magnets under a sheet of paper with opposite ends to each other
  2. sprinkle iron filings evenly around the paper
  3. tap the paper to get them to settle
22
Q

(11) investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and between two bar magnets: plotting compasses

A
  1. place a magnet on top of paper and trace around it
  2. place compass at the corner of the north pole
  3. using a pencil, mark where the compass is pointing using a dot
  4. move the compass on top of the dot
  5. mark a dot where the compass is pointing
  6. repeat until you reach the south pole
  7. draw a sooth curve through the dots and draw an arrow on the magnetic field line in the direction that the compass was facing
  8. repeat for other magnetic field lines around the magnet
23
Q

(12) investigate the penetration powers of different types of radiation using either radioactive sources or simulations:

A
  1. remove any sources from near the GM tube
  2. turn on the counter and record the number of counts in 10 minutes
  3. calculate the counts per second by number of counts/ 600s
24
Q

(13) describe how current varies with voltage in wires, resistors, metal filament lamps and diodes and how to investigate this experimentally:

A
  1. vary the voltage across the component using a variable resistor
  2. record voltage across the component
  3. record current through the component
  4. repeat readings and find a mean
  5. turn off in between readings to control temperature
  6. plot a graph of current against voltage
  7. if a graph is a straight line through the origin, the component obeys Ohm’s law and is said to be Ohmic
25
Q

(14) PAPER 2 ONLY obtain a temperature-time graph to show the constant temperature during a change of state:

A
  1. place stearic acid into a hot water bath
  2. remove from the hot water bath and place into a beaker of warm water
  3. start the stopwatch and record the temperature pf the stearic acid every minute until falls to 50 degrees celsius which is below the freezing temperature of stearic acid
  4. plot a graph to show temperature against time

PHYSICS (10 decks)

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