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PHYSICS > FORCES AND MOTION > Flashcards

FORCES AND MOTION Flashcards

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1
Q

1.3 What goes on each axis in a distance- time graph?

A

time on the x-axis, distance on the y- axis

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2
Q

1.4 relationship between average speed, distance and time:

A

speed= distance/ time

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3
Q

1.5 PRACTICAL: investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls:

A
  1. Attach the bench pulley to the end of a long bench.
  2. Secure the mass hanger to one end of the string and attach the other to the toy car
    - pass the string over the bench pulley, and pull the car back so that the mass
    hanger is just resting on the floor.
  3. Mark the car’s position with masking tape - this is the end marker.
  4. Pull the car back so the mass hanger is raised and touches the pulley - mark the
    car’s position with tape - this is the starting marker.
  5. Use the tape measure to record the distance between the start and end markers.
  6. Release the car from the start marker and start the stop clock - stop timing when
    the car reaches the end marker (this will be the same time that the mass hanger
    reaches the ground).
  7. Repeat the experiment 5 times and calculate an average time.
  8. calculate speed using the equation speed= distance/ time
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4
Q

1.6 equation for acceleration, change in velocity and time taken:

A

acceleration= change in velocity/ time taken

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5
Q

1.7 what goes on each axis on a velocity time graph?

A

time on x- axis
velocity on y- axis

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6
Q

1.7 explain velocity time graphs:

A

area under line= distance travelled
constant flat line= constant velocity
gradient= acceleration

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7
Q

1.8 how do you determine acceleration from a velocity time graph?

A

gradient= acceleration= y2-y1/ x2-x1

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8
Q

1.9 determine the distance travelled from the area between a velocity- time graph and the time axis (x-axis):

A

The area under the graph can be calculated as rectangles and triangles, or by counting boxes, is equal to the distance travelled.

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9
Q

1.10 relationship between final speed, initial speed, acceleration and distance:

A

(final speed)^2= (initial speed)^2 + (2 x acceleration x distance moved)

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10
Q

1.11 describe the effects of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape or direction:

A

Forces can act on a body to change the velocity, the speed, direction or both.

Or forces can change the shape of a body, stretching it squishing it or twisting it.

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11
Q

1.12 identify different types of forces:

A

gravitational, electrostatic, upthrust, drag, lift

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12
Q

1.13 what is a vector quantity?

A

vectors are quantities with both magnitude and direction

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13
Q

1.13 what is a scalar quantity?

A

scalars are quantities with magnitude (size) only

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14
Q

1.13 example of vector quantities:

A

force, weight, displacement, velocity, acceleration, momentum

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15
Q

1.13 example of scalar quantities:

A

temperature, mass, energy, speed, distance, density

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16
Q

1.14 is force a scalar or vector quantity?

A

vector

17
Q

1.15 how to calculate the resultant force of forces that act along a line:

A
  • if they’re going the same way, add them
  • if they are going opposite ways, minus the smaller one from the larger one
  • https://www.tutormyself.com/wp-content/uploads/resultant-forces.png
18
Q

1.16 what does friction force oppose?

A
  • motion
19
Q

1.17 relationship between unbalanced force, mass and acceleration:

A

force = mass x acceleration

20
Q

1.18 relationship between weight, mass and gravitational field strength:

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

21
Q

1.19 how do you calculate stopping distance of a vehicle?

A

thinking distance + braking distance

22
Q

1.20 factors affecting braking distance:

A
  • speed of car
  • mass of car
  • conditions of tyres
  • condition of road surface
23
Q

1.20 factors affecting thinking distance:

A
  • reaction time
  • age of driver
  • if the driver is under the influence
24
Q

1.21 describe the forces acting on falling objects and how an object reaches terminal velocity:

A
  • Initially the only force is weight as drag is proportional to velocity
  • therefore, the object accelerates downwards
  • as it accelerates the velocity increases so the drag increases as well
  • meaning there is a smaller resultant force downwards so a smaller acceleration
  • until the object reaches a speed where the drag is equal to the weight
  • there is no acceleration, this velocity is know as terminal velocity.
25
Q

1.22 practical investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands:

A
  • initially, measure the length of your spring without any hanging masses
  • hang a mass of 100g on the spring
  • measure the new length of the spring
  • calculate the extension of the spring
  • add another mass of 100g, keep increasing mass by 100g each time
  • repeat 3x or each mass
26
Q

1.23 know the the initial linear region of a force-extension graph is associated with Hooke’s law

A

This is shown by the straight line on the force-extension graph. Hooke’s law is obeyed as long as the line is straight.

27
Q

1.23 what is Hooke’s law?

A

Hooke’s law states that force is directly proportional to extension up to elastic limit

28
Q

1.24 describe elastic behaviour as the ability of a material to recover its original shape after the forces causing the deformation have been removed:

A
  • Elastic behaviour is the ability of a material to recover original shape after the force is removed
  • in a spring this occurs when the force is lower than the elastic limit
  • loading and unloading force extension curves can be different as long as it returns to its original shape.
29
Q

P2 1.25 P: relationship between momentum, mass and velocity:

A

momentum= mass x velocity

30
Q

P2 1.26 P: use the idea of momentum to explain safety features:

A
  • when hit by a force, they absorb the energy from the impact
  • they increase the time over which the force takes place
  • this increases the time taken for the change in momentum of the passenger and the vehicle to come to rest
  • the increased time reduces the force and risk of injury on a passenger
31
Q

P2 1.27 P: use the conservation of momentum to calculate the mass, velocity or momentum of objects:

A
  • if a tennis ball is hitting a wall, its momentum is positive going towards it and negative coming away from it
  • momentum= mass x velocity
  • https://cdn.savemyexams.co.uk/cdn-cgi/image/w=1920,f=auto/uploads/2020/09/3.1.1.3-Negative-momentum.png
32
Q

P2 1.28: relationship between force, change in momentum and time taken:

A

force= change in momentum/ time taken

33
Q

P2 1.29: demonstrate an understanding of Newton’s Third law:

A
  • Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
  • Book pushes down on table, table pushes up on book. So book doesn’t accelerate.
  • Table pushes down on floor, floor pushes up on table. So table doesn’t accelerate.
34
Q

P2 1.30 relationship between moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot:

A

moment= force x perpendicular distance from the pivot

35
Q

P2 1.31: where does the weight of a body act?

A

through its centre of gravity

36
Q

P2 1.32: use the principle of moments for a simple system of parallel forces acting in one plane:

A

The principle of moments states that when the clockwise moments are equal to the anticlockwise moments a body will be in equilibrium

37
Q

P2 1.33 understand how the upward forces on a light beam, supported at its ends, vary with the position of a heavy object placed on the beam:

A
  • Clockwise moments = anticlockwise moments
  • Moment = force x perpendicular distance from pivot
  • If the the distance from the pivot is less on the left hand side it means that the force must be greater to compensate for the larger distance on the right hand side.
  • F1d1=F2d2

PHYSICS (10 decks)

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