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NAPLEX Review > Required Formulas > Flashcards

Required Formulas Flashcards

1
Q

1 fl. oz

A

30 mL (approximately); 29.57 mL (actual)

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2
Q

1 cup

A

8 oz., 240 mL (approximately); 236.56 mL (actual)

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3
Q

1 pint

A

16 oz., 480 mL (approximately), 473 (actual)

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4
Q

1 quart

A

2 pints, 960 mL (approximately), 946 mL (actual)

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5
Q

1 gallon

A

4 quarts, 3840 mL (approximately), 3785 mL (actual)

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6
Q

1 oz

A

28.4 g

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7
Q

1 lb

A

454 g

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8
Q

mEq to mmol

A

1:1 for monovalent ions, 1:0.5 for divalent ions

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9
Q

1 inch

A

2.54 cm

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10
Q

1 meter

A

100 cm

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11
Q

% v/v

A

x mL/100 mL

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12
Q

%w/w

A

x g/100 g

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13
Q

Percentage strength

A

100/ratio strength

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14
Q

Ratio strength

A

100/percentage strength

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15
Q

PPM –> Percentage strength

A

Move the decimal left 4 places

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16
Q

Percentage strength –> PPM

A

Move the decimal right 4 places

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17
Q

Specific Gravity

A

weight of substance (g)/weight of equal volume (g) or g/mL

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18
Q

Alligation

A

Check real flashcard

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19
Q

Osmolarity

A

mOsmol/L = (wt of substance [g/L]/MW [g/mole]) x # of particles x 1000

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20
Q

Isotonicity (E value)

A

E = 58.5i/(MW of drug x 1.8)

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21
Q

Mols

A

g/MW

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22
Q

mmols

A

mg/MW

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23
Q

mEq

A

(mg x valence)/MW or mmols x valence

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24
Q

Carbs and Protein Calories

A

4 kcal/gram

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25
Q

Fat calories

A

9 kcal/g

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26
Q

Dextrose monohydrate calories

A

3.4 kcal/gram

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27
Q

Amino acid solutions calories

A

4 kcal/gram

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28
Q

ILE 10% calories

A

1.1 kcal/g

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29
Q

ILE 20% calories

A

2 kcal/mL

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30
Q

ILE 30% calories

A

3 kcal/mL

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31
Q

Determining fluid needs

A

When weight > 20 kg: 1500 mL + (20 mL)(weight in kg - 20)
*can estimate using 30-40 mL/kg/day

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32
Q

Total Energy Expenditure

A

TEE = BEE x activity factor x stress factor

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33
Q

Grams of Nitrogen from Protein

A

Nitrogen (g) = protein intake (g)/6.25

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34
Q

Corrected Calcium for Albumin < 3.5

A

Ca (corrected) (mg/dL) = calcium (serum reported) + [(4.0 - albumin) x (0.8)]

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35
Q

BMI

A

weight (kg)/[height (m)]squared

or

(weight (lbs)/[height (inches)]squared) x 703

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36
Q

Adjusted body weight

A

IBW + 0.4 (TBW - IBW)

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37
Q

Which weight to use for drug dosing (mg/kg)?

A
  • All drugs (if underweight) –> TBW
  • Most drugs (if normal weight or obese) -> IBW
38
Q

What are the exceptions for the weights to use for drug dosing?

A
  • IBW: Acyclovir, aminophylline, levothyroxine, theophylline (normal weight, obese)
  • AdjBW: aminoglycosides
39
Q

What lab value indicates someone is dehydrated?

A

BUN: SCr > 20:1

40
Q

What is the Cockcroft-Gault Equation?

A

CrCl (mL/min) = [(140 - age)/(72 x SCr)] x weight in kg x (0.85 if female)

41
Q

What vitals are necessary to determine arterial blood gas?

A

pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3, O2

42
Q

What are the steps to determine if someone is metabolic or respiratory and alkalosis or acidosis based on ABGs?

A

1) pH < 7.35 (acidosis), pH > 7.45 (alkalosis)
2a) Respiratory: pCO2 < 35 (alkalosis), pCO2 > 45 (acidosis)
2b) Metabolic: HCO3 > 26 (alkalosis), HCO3 < 22 (acidosis)
3) Which abnormal value (pCO2 or HCO3) matches the pH from Step # 1?
E.g. increased pH + increase pCO2 = respiratory acidosis
E.g. decreased pH + decreased HCO3 = metabolic acidosis

43
Q

How do you calculate anion gap?

A

Anion gap (AG) = Na - Cl - HCO3

44
Q

How do you calculate the pH of a weak acid?

A

pH = pKa + log [salt/acid]

45
Q

How do you calculate the pH of a weak base?

A

pH = pKa + log [base/salt]

46
Q

How do you calculate the percent ionization of a weak acid?

A

% ionization = 100/1 + 10^(pKa-pH)

47
Q

How do you calculate percent ionization of a weak base?

A

% ionization = 100/1 + 10^(pH-pKa)

48
Q

How do you calculate the absolute neutrophil count (ANC)?

A

ANC (cells/mm^3) = WBC x [(% segs + % bands)/100]

49
Q

How do you convert from Fahrenheit to celsius?

A

Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32)/1.8

50
Q

How do you convert from celsius to fahrenheit?

A

Fahrenheit = (Celsius x 1.8) + 32

51
Q

How do you calculate time to burn (TTB)?

A

TTB (with sunscreen in min) = SPF x TTB (without sunscreen)

52
Q

How do you calculate risk?

A

Number of subjects in group with an unfavorable event/total number of subjects in group

53
Q

How do you calculate relative risk?

A

RR = risk in treatment group/risk in control group

54
Q

How do you calculate relative risk reduction?

A

RRR = (%risk in control group - %risk in treatment group)/%risk in control group

55
Q

How do you calculate absolute risk reduction?

A

ARR = %risk in control group - %risk in treatment group

56
Q

How do you calculate number needed to treat or number needed to harm?

A

NNT or NNH = 1/ARR*

*Expressed as decimal

57
Q

How do you calculate odds ratio?

A

Refer to index card

58
Q

How do you calculate hazard ratio?

A

HR = hazard rate in treatment group/hazard rate in control group

59
Q

How do you calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratio?

A

Incremental cost ratio = (C2 - C1)/(E2 - E1)

*C = costs, E = effects

60
Q

How do you calculate pack-year smoking history?

A

Pack-year smoking history = cigarette packs/day x years smoked

61
Q

What are the steps to initiating basal-bolus insulin in type 1 diabetes?

A

1) Calculate total daily dose (TDD) of 0.5 u/kg/day using TBW
2) Divide into 1/2 basal & 1/2 rapid-acting. If using NPH/R, use 2/3 & 1/3
3) Split rapid-acting among meals

62
Q

How do you calculate insulin-to-carb ratio with the rule of 450 for regular insulin?

A

450/total daily dose of insulin = grams of carbohydrate covered by 1 unit of regular insulin

63
Q

How do you calculate insulin-to-carb ratio with the rule of 500 for rapid-acting insulin?

A

500/total daily dose of insulin = grams of carbohydrate covered by 1 unit of rapid-acting insulin

64
Q

How do you calculate correction factor with the rule of 1500 for regular insulin?

A

1500/total daily dose of insulin = correction factor for 1 unit of regular insulin

65
Q

How do you calculate correction factor with the rule of 1800 for rapid-acting insulin?

A

1800/total daily dose of insulin = correction factor of 1 unit of rapid-acting insulin

66
Q

How do you calculate a correction dose for hyperglycemia?

A

(blood glucose now - target blood glucose)/correction factor

67
Q

How do you calculate LDL (Friedewald Equation)?

A

LDL = TC - HDL - TG/5

*do not use if TG > 400

68
Q

How do you calculate minimum weighable quantity?

A

MWQ = sensitivity requirement/acceptable error rate (usually 0.05)

69
Q

How do you calculate BSA?

A

BSA (m^2) = square root of [(Ht in cm x Wt in kg)/3600]

70
Q

How do you calculate bioavailability?

A

F (%) = 100 x [AUC (extravascular)/AUC (intravenous)] x [Dose (intravenous)/Dose (extravascular)]

71
Q

How do you calculate volume of distribution?

A

Vd = amount of drug in body/concentration of drug in plasma

72
Q

How do you calculate clearance?

A

Cl = (F x dose)/AUC or ke x Vd

73
Q

How do you calculate the elimination rate constant?

A

Ke = Cl/Vd

74
Q

What formula can be used to predict drug concentration?

A

C2 = C1 x e^(-kt)

Ke = ln(C1/C2)/t

75
Q

How do you calculate half-life?

A

T1/2 = 0.693/ke

76
Q

How do you calculate loading dose?

A

LD = (desired concentration x VD)/F

77
Q

How do you calculate mean arterial pressure?

A

MAP = [(2 x diastolic pressure) + systolic pressure]/3

78
Q

How do you calculate phenytoin (total) correction for albumin < 3.5?

A

Phenytoin (corrected) (mcg/mL) = total phenytoin measured/[(0.2 x albumin) + 0.1]

79
Q

What is KCl 10% oral solution equivalent to in tablets?

A

20 mEq/15 mL

80
Q

How much elemental calcium is in calcium carbonate?

A

40%

81
Q

How much elemental calcium is in calcium citrate?

A

21%

82
Q

How do you convert Aminophylline dose to Theophylline dose?

A

Multiply by 0.8

*Remember ATM

83
Q

How do you convert from Theophylline dose to Aminophylline dose?

A

Divide by 0.8

84
Q

What are the equivalent doses of loop diuretics?

A

Ethacrynic acid 50 mg = Furosemide 40 mg = Torsemide 20 mg = Bumetanide 1 mg

85
Q

What is the IV:PO conversion of loop diuretics? IV:PO conversion of Furosemide?

A

Furosemide IV:PO = 1:2

Other loops IV:PO = 1:1

86
Q

What is the Metoprolol IV:PO conversion?

A

IV:PO = 1:2.5

87
Q

How much elemental iron is in ferrous sulfate?

A

20% elemental iron

88
Q

What is the conversion of insulin? What are exceptions to this rule?

A

Usually 1:1 conversion

Exceptions:
- NPH dosed BID = glargine dosed daily, use 80% of NPH
- Toujeo - other forms of glargine or detemir, use 80% of toujeo dose

89
Q

What is the IV:PO Levothyroxine dose?

A

IV:PO = 0.75:1

90
Q

What is the equivalent doses of steroids?

A

Cortisone 25 mg = Hydrocortisone 20 mg = Prednisone 5 mg = Prednisolone 5 mg = Methylprednisolone 4 mg = Triamcinolone 4 mg = Dexamethasone 0.75 mg = Betamethasone 0.6 mg

91
Q

What is the equivalent doses of statins?

A

Pitavastatin 2 mg = Rosuvastatin 5 mg = Atorvastatin 10 mg = Simvastatin 20 mg = Lovastatin 40 mg = Pravastatin 40 mg = Fluvastatin 80 mg

92
Q

What is the equivalent lithium content in lithium citrate syrup, lithium carbonate and Li ion?

A

5 mL lithium citrate syrup = 300 mg lithium carbonate = 8 mEq Li+ ion

NAPLEX Review (45 decks)

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