Reptiles - Parasitic And Infectious Dz Flashcards
What are some clinical signs of Cryptosporidiosis in our reptilian patients?
Dehydration,
Regurgitation,
Mid-body swelling
Although there is currently no effective treatment, what are some options for Cryptosporidiosis?
Hyper immune bovine serum (clears infection in geckos, stopped shedding in snakes) Sulfa drugs (reduce shedding)
Quarantine Disinfection protocol—>5% ammonia
What species most commonly succumbs to Coccidiosis (Isospora amphiboluri)?
Young bearded dragons
How do we treat coccidiosis?
Ponazuril
(30 mg/kg per os once, with 2nd Tx 48 hours later)
How can we diagnose Coccidiosis?
Fecal flotation with modified Sheather’s solution
What parasite might we suspect in an anemic snake experiencing dysecdysis?
Common snake mite (Ophionyssus natricis)
*both larval and adult forms are parasitic*
How do we diagnose Iridovirus?
Demonstration of basophilic inclusion bodies on:
impression smears,
histopath,
skin scrapes
What reptiles get iridovirus?
How do they present (CS)?
Chelonians, lizards;
Stomatitis/rhinitis/conjunctivitis complex (similar to herpesvirus)
How do we treat Iridovirus?
Supportive care,
Mgmt of 2ndary bacT infections,
*if severe diphtheritic membrane present, oral cavity should be rinsed and cleaned w/dilute chlorhex (0.5%)orpovidone-iodine (0.5%) and a cotton-tipped applicator once per day*
What species do we most often see herpesvirus affecting and how do they present (CS)?
Most common in tortoises;
rhinitis, conjunctivitis, necrotizing stomatitis, pneumonia, enteritis, hepatomegaly, neuro signs
How do we diagnose Herpesvirus?
PCR, electron microscopy;
Demonstration of eosinophilic inclusion bodies
A tortoise presents with nasal and ocular discharge, conjunctivitis, palpebral edema, and pneumonia… what do you suspect?
Mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma agassizii)
Dx by culture, ELISA, and PCR assay
How do we treat Mycoplasmosis?
Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones (do NOT return to wild)
Which reptilians are most commonly afflicted by Adenovirus (Atadenovirus) and how do they present?
Snakes, lizards, and bearded dragons;
Acute depression, anorexia, diarrhea, opisthotonos, limb paresis, hepatitis, GI changes
How would we diagnose Adenovirus?
PCR of feces and cloacal swab or in liver, esophagus, kidney, stomach biopsies
Which reptiles are afflicted by Paramyxovirus? How do they present (CS)?
Lizards, snakes;
Severe inflammation, secondary bacT infections, nasal discharge, purulent hemorrhagic discharge from glottis, neuro signs
How do we diagnose Paramyxovirus?
Hemagglutination inhibition assay (serial samples req’d for confirmation);
Viral isolation
How does Inclusion body dz affect boas and pythons differently?
Boas: chronic effects - Hx of regurgitation, mild CNS dysfunction, dysecdysis, stomatitis, chronic infections (poor doers)
Pythons: acute effects - severe CNS dysfunction, loss of righting reflex, flaccid paralysis, torticollis, opisthotonos
Wtf even IS fibropapillomatosis?
Chelonian Fibropapilloma Associated Herpesvirus (CFPHV);
Transmissible neoplastic dz characterized by proliferation of cutaneous and visceral fibropapillomas
*primarily effects sea turtles*
How would we diagnose CFPHV?
Radiographs, MRI, endoscopy, PCR of tumor tissue, feces, urine, blood
How can we treat cutaneous fibropapillomas?
Remove with CO2 laser!
