Reptiles - Dx And Tx Flashcards
What is the normal blood glucose range?
70-100g/dL
Why might a reptile be hypocalcemic on biochem panel?
Lack of dietary intake;
Lack of UVB lighting
What is elevated potassium indicative of in the reptile patient?
Renal dz
What is hyperglobulinemia indicative of in our reptile patient?
Infectious dz
What does the inverse-normal calcium:phosphorus ratio indicate in our reptile patient?
Renal dz
T or F: >60micromol/L Bile acids on biochemistry panel indicate possible liver disease.
True.
What are the routine radiograph views for chelonians?
Dorsoventral, Lateral, Craniocaudal (to visualize the 2 separate lung fields)
What technique can we use to handle and better position lizards (without giving any drugs) for taking radiographs?
Vasovagal response —> cotton balls over eyes, wrap gently with vetwrap, animal will be sedate for about 30 min
What MHz transducer do we use in reptiles to perform ultrasound?
Almost all: 7.5 MHz
Larger turtles: 3-5 MHz probe
What 3 acoustic windows do we want to utilize for visceral examination in chelonians via ultrasound?
- Mediastinal (cardiac)
- Axillary (liver, pectoral mm., heart)
- Inguinal (kidney, urinary bladder, stomach, intestines, R liver lobe, reproductive tract, gallbladder)
What is “reptile ringers solution”?
1 part LRS
+
2 parts 2.5% dextrose and 0.45% NaCl
What route do we use for rapid administration of fluids in reptiles?
IV or IO
What is the best site for a catheter?
Jugular
What route do we typically use for maintenance fluid therapy?
IC (intracoelomic)
Injected thru:
Inguinal fossa in chelonians,
Right side of lower abdomen in lizards (avoid bladder),
Lower third of body in snakes (avoid lung)
When giving oral fluids, the stomach is an important consideration. Where is it located in chelonians and what is the approximate volume?
Anterior 1/3 to mid-carapace;
2% BW or 20mL/kg
What volume of fluids should we not exceed?
2-3% BW per day
15 mL/kg/day maintenance;
up to 30mL/kg/day
When would we perform a blood transfusion in reptiles?
Life threatening anemia (PCV <5%),
Acute hemorrhage *donor and recipient must be same species*
Where do we administer antimicrobial injections?
Front half of the body (bc of renal portal system)
Which antimicrobials will target aerobes?
Amikacin (renal issues if patient is not hydrated),
Ceftazidime,
Baytril (can be painful/cause tissue necrosis)
What antimicrobials will target anaerobes?
Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Penicillins
What antimicrobial should we use for aerobic/anaerobic spectrum?
Chloramphenicol
What parasiticide would we use to treat trematode-ridden reptiles?
PZQ
What parasiticide would we use to treat ascarid/hookworm-ridden reptiles?
Pyrantelpamoate
What parasiticide would we use to treat nematode and Protozoa-ridden reptiles?
Fenbendazole; *contraindicated in some cases bc of bone marrow suppression*
