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DRUGS > repsiratory > Flashcards

repsiratory Flashcards

1
Q

salbutamol

A

beta-2-antagonist

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2
Q

mode of action of beta-2-antagonist/salbuatmol

A

act on beta 2 receptors on smooth muscle in bronchi,GI tract, uterus and blood vessels

= relax = improve airflow

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3
Q

indications for beta 2 antagonist

A

asthma
COPD
hyperkalaemia (nebulised as additional treatment)

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4
Q

contraindications of beta 2 antagonist

A

cardiovascular disease - tachycardia may provoke angina or arrhythmias

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5
Q

side effects of beta 2 antagonist

A 
tachycardia
palpitations
anxiety 
tremor
increased serum glucose
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6
Q

interactions of beta 2 antagonist

A 
beta blockers (reduce effectiveness)
\+ theophylien + corticositeroids = hypokalaemia
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7
Q

tiotropium

A

bronchodilatory antimuscarinic - anticholinergic

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8
Q

mode of action of tiotropium/bronchodilatory antimuscarinics

A

competitively inhibit acetylcholine = antiparasympathetic effects = increase heart rate and conduction , reduce smooth muscle tone and peristalitic contraction , pupillary dilation etc

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9
Q

indications for tiotropium

A

in COPD - used to releive breathlessness

asthma - asjuvant therapy for breathlessness in exacerbations. long acting in step 4

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10
Q

contraindications of tiotropium

A

patients susepctible to angle closure glaucoma

risk of arrhythmia

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11
Q

side effects of tiotropium

A

when inhaled, very little systemic absorption, so not many side fffects
- dry mouth

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12
Q

prednisolone

A

systemic corticosteoids

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13
Q

mode of action of corticosteroids

A

glucocorticoid effect
reduce inflammation
suppress immune system

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14
Q

indications of corticosteroids

A

treat allergic or inflammatory disorders - anaphylaxis and asthma

suppress autoimmune disease

treatment of cancers as part of chemo or to reudce tumour associated swelling

hormone replacment in adrenal insufficiency or hypopituitarism

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15
Q

contraindications of corticosteroids

A

infection

children (suppress growth)

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16
Q

side effects of corticosteroids

A

more liekly to get infected
DM
osteoporosis
increased catabolism - muscle weakness, skin thinning, easy brusing, gastritis

mood and behavioural change

hypertension hypokalaemia and oedema

17
Q

interactions of corticosteoids

A

NSAIDs = increae peptic ulceration and GI bleeds

enhance hypokalaemia in beta 2 agonists, theophyline and diuretics

Efficacy reduced by cytochrome P450 inducers

18
Q

carbocysteine

A

mucolytic

19
Q

mode of action of mucolytics

A

faciliate expectoration by reducing sputum viscosity

prevent chest infections

20
Q

indications of mucolytics

A

COPD and chronic productive cough

bronchiectasis

21
Q

contraindications of mucolytics

A

active peptic ulcer disease

- can ditrupt gastric mucosal barrier

22
Q

side effects of mucolytics

A

peptic ulcers
GI bleeding (rarely
steven-johnson syndrome
erythema multiforme

23
Q

theophylline

A

xanthine

24
Q

mode of action of xanthines

A

reduces inflammation and innate immnoty

to treat wheezing, chest tightness and SOB

25
Q

indications of xanthines

A

bronchodilato in asthma and stable COPD

not sueful in exacerbations of COPD

26
Q

contraindications of xanthines

A

cardiac arrhythmias or cardiac disease, HTN, hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcers, epilepsy, eldely, fever, hypokalaemia

27
Q

side effects of xanthines

A

nausea, vomting, gastric irriation, diarrhoea

palpiations, tachycardia, arrhythmias,

headache, CNS stimulation, insomnia, convulsion

28
Q

interactions of xanthines

A

additive effect with beta-2-agonists

  • increase risk of side effects inc hypokalaemia
29
Q

mode of action of oxygen

A

reduces fraction of nitrogen in alveolar gas = accellerate diffusion of nitrogen out of body = treat pneumothorax

in CO poisoning, competes with CO to bind to Hb = shortens half life

30
Q

indications for oxygen

A

increase tissue oxygen delivery in hypoxaemia

accelerate reabsorption of pleural gas in pneumothroax

reduce half life of carboxyhaemoglobin in CO poisoning

31
Q

contraindications of oxygen

A

chronic type 2 resp failure - severe COPD
= disturbs adapted state = rise in CO2 = repsirtroy acidosis = depressed consciousness + tissue hypoxia

naked flame

32
Q

side effects of oxygen

A

delviery device - discomfort, dry throat (use humidification system

DRUGS (13 decks)

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