emergency

Question 1

cardiac arrest emergency

Answer 1

adrenaline IV

amiodarone IV

Question 2

acute pulmonary oedema emergency drugs

Answer 2

morphine/diamorphine IV
furosemide IV
nitrates IV
oxygen

Question 3

acute severe asthma emergency drugs

Answer 3

B-2 adrenoceptor agonists (e.g. nebulised salbutamol)
Ipratropium - antimuscarinic bronchodilator
oxygen
hydrocortisone IV
magnesium sulphate IV (bronchodilator)

Question 4

anaphylactic shock emergency drugs

Answer 4

adrenaline IM
hydrocortisone IV (removed 2021 update)
chlorphenamine IV/ non sedating oral antihistamines following initial stabilisation
IV fluids

Question 5

benzodiazepine intoxication emergency

Answer 5

flumezanil IV

Question 6

hypoglycaemia emergency

Answer 6

glucose IV

glucagon SC or IM

Question 7

hypovolaemic shock emergency

Answer 7

IV fluids

Question 8

opioid intoxication emergency

Answer 8

naloxone IV or IM

Question 9

seizures emergecny

Answer 9

diazepam, lorazepam, phenytoin

Question 10

hyperkalaemia emergency

Answer 10

calcium gluconate or calcium chloride IV

insulin-glucose solution IV

calcium resonium (oral or PR)

salbutamol (nebs)

Question 11

IV adrenaline in cardiac arrest

Answer 11

increase blood flow to heart and increase chance of restoring heart rate

Question 12

IV amiodarone in cardiac arrest

Answer 12

antiarrhythmic

used in VT and VF unresponsive to shock, CPR and vasopressors (adrenaline)

Question 13

morphine IV in pulmonary oedema

Answer 13

mainly symptomatic relief of discomfort and dyspnoea

also decrease preload and anxiolytic

Question 14

IV furosemide in pulmonary oedema

Answer 14

reduce fluid on lungs

Question 15

IV nitrates in pulmonary oedema

Answer 15

coronary vasodilators

reduced venous return to reduce left ventricular work

Question 16

ipratropium bromide IV

Answer 16

antimuscarine bronchodilator

Question 17

magnesium sulphate IV

Answer 17

bronchodilatr

Question 18

chlorphenamine IV

Answer 18

antihistamine

Question 19

flumazenil

Answer 19

reversal of sedative effects of benzodiazepines in anaesthesia

Question 20

glucagon in hypoglycaemia

Answer 20

causes release of glycogen stores and conversion to glucose

Question 21

calcium gluconate or chloride in hyperkalaemia

Answer 21

protect cardiomyocytes in case of ECG changes

Question 22

insulin glucose solution in hyperkalaemia

Answer 22

causes K+ to temporarily shift into cells

Question 23

calcium resonium in hyperkalaemia

Answer 23

removes excess potassium by exchanging for Ca in GI tract