Reproductive Systen

Question 1

What are the two categories of reproductive organs in humans?

Answer 1

1. Primary reproductive Parts (Gonads), they produce the gametes
2. Accessory reproductive parts - includes all those structures, ducts and glands which help in transfer and meeting of two kinds of sex cells leading to fertilisation.

Question 2

What are the accessory glands in male reproductive system?

Answer 2

1. Seminal vesicles
2. Prostate gland
3. Bulbo-urethral glands or Cowper’s gland

Question 3

What is the ideal temperature for speed production in the testes?

Answer 3

2-3°C lower than body temperature.

Question 4

What is spermatogenesis? What is oogenesis?

Answer 4

Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperms are produced.
Oogenesis is the process by which the ova-producing cells give rise to mature ovum.

Question 5

Which cells produce the male hormone testosterone? And state their location.

Answer 5

The cells which produce Testosterone are called Leydig Cells also called Interstitial cells. They are present between the coils of the seminiferous tubules.

Question 6

Make a flowchart of the course of sperms in male

Answer 6

Seminiferous tubules (produces Sperm) —> network of tubules —> Efferent Duct —> Upper (head) epididymis —> mid-epididymis —> hind-epididymis —> sperm duct (vas deferens) —> urethra (penis)

Question 7

What are the 5 organs of the female Reproductive system?

Answer 7

1. Ovaries
2. Oviducts
3. Uterus
4. Vagina
5. Vulva

Question 8

What is ovulation? Name the structure that picks up the egg.
Name the yellow mass which is the remnant of the Follicle.

Answer 8

Ovulation is the rupture of follicle releasing the egg. Fimbrae (cilia) are the structures that pick up the egg.
The yellow mass is called Corpus Luteum

Question 9

What are the two hormones secreted by Ovaries?

Answer 9

1. Estrogen (oestrogen)
2. Progesterone

Question 10

Which is the membrane which partially closes the vagina in young females?

Answer 10

Hymen (or virgin knot) . It is rupture frequently in childhood due to strenuous exercise or disease.

Question 11

Which organ contains openings of the urethra in females? Name the two small fleshy folds.

Answer 11

The vulva. The labia Minora (lesser lips) and labia majors (greater lips) ; these are equivalent to the male scrotum.

Question 12

Which organ in females is equivalent to the male penis?

Answer 12

The Clitoris

Question 13

What is the function of the Uterus?

Answer 13

Protects and nourishes growing embryo.

Question 14

What is menarche? And what is menopause?

Answer 14

Menarche is the onset of menstruation in young females around age 13
Menopause is the permanent stoppage of menstruation in females at about age of 45 years.

Question 15

Define Fertilization

Answer 15

The fusion of male (sperm) and female gamete (ovum) to form a zygote is called fertilization

Question 16

What days are the most favorable days for becoming pregnant?

Answer 16

A few days after ovulation (12th or 13th) are most favorable.

Question 17

Which part of the sperm cell provides Energy(ATP) for swimming? What is the genetic material in the sperm?

Answer 17

The mitochondria. The genetic material may be (22 + X) or (22 + Y)

Question 18

What is Acrosome of sperm? What does it secrete? And state it’s function?

Answer 18

The acrosome is at the top of the head of sperm. It secreted Hyaluronidase enzyme and it facilitates entry of Sperm into egg by dissolving wall of ovum.

Question 19

What is implantation?

Answer 19

Implantation is the process of fixing of the blastocyst to the wall of the uterus/endometrium is termed as implantation.

Question 20

When is an embryo called a foetus?

Answer 20

An embryo is called a fetus after a period of 7 weeks (when it starts having a look of a baby)

Question 21

Name the fluid that is present between the amnion and the embryo. What is the function of this fluid?

Answer 21

The fluid is called amniotic fluid. The functions of amniotic fluid are:
1. Protects embryo from jerks or mechanical shocks.
2. Keeps even pressure around embryo
3. Allows foetus some restricted movement
4. Prevents sticking of foetus to amnion.

Question 22

What are the four extra-embryonic membranes developed by the blastocyst?

Answer 22

1. Amnion
2. Chorion
3. Allantois
4. Placenta

Question 23

Which is the cord containing blood vessels which connects placenta with the foetus?

Answer 23

The umbilical Cord

Question 24

What substances are transported from foetus to mother for elimination?

Answer 24

1. Carbon dioxide
2. Urea
3. Other waste products

Question 25

What substances are transported from mother to foetus for utilization?

Answer 25

1. Oxygen
2. Glucose
3. Vitamins
4. Alcohol and nicotine
5. Viruses

Question 26

Placenta also acts as an ______ gland.

Answer 26

Endocrine

Question 27

What are the hormones secreted by Placenta

Answer 27

estrogen and Progesterone

Question 28

Presence of which hormone in urine provides for certain tests of pregnancy?

Answer 28

Presence of progesterone.

Question 29

What is the other term of birth?

Answer 29

Parturition

Question 30

What is the gestation period in humans?

Answer 30

280 days or 9 months or 40 weeks

Question 31

What are the two types of twins?

Answer 31

1. Fraternal twins (produced from two eggs) may be both boys, both girls or one boy and one girl
2. Identical twins (produced from one egg) may be both boys or both girls.

Question 32

What is the other name of test tube fertilization?

Answer 32

In vitro fertilization.

Question 33

Define surrogate mother

Answer 33

Surrogate mother is any such woman who offers to carry any one else’s fertilized egg/embryo in her own womb till completion of pregnancy and delivers the baby.