Excretory System Flashcards
What is excretion?
Excretion is the removal of harmful and unwanted nitrogenous waste products from the body
What is the main excretory organ? What are the accessory excretory organs?
Kidneys. Skin, liver and lungs
Name a few substances to be eliminated from the body.
- Carbon dioxide
- Nitrogenous wastes - urea, uric acid, ammonia
- Excess salts
- Water
- Bile pigments (chiefly yellow bilirubin) - breakdown of haemoglobin of dead RBCs
Where are the kidneys located?
They are located on either side of backbone and protected by the last two ribs
Which muscle guards the opening of the bladder into the urethra?
The sphincter muscles (circular muscles)
What is micturition?
the act of Urinating
What are two major portions of the kidney?
- Outer - dark CORTEX
- Inner - lighter MEDULLA
What are nephrons?
Renal Tubules or Uriniferous Tubules are the structural as well as functional Units of Kidney
What is the collective name for the Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule?
Malphigian Capsule or Renal Capsule
What gives the dotted Appearance to the cortex of kidney?
The Bowman’s Capsule and PCT.
What is the other name of the capillaries surrounding the Loop of Henle?
Vasa Recta
When does urine become urine?
The filtrate left after reabsorption and tubular secretion is called urine
Ureteral peristalsis
Waves of constriction in the ureters
What are the three major steps of urine formation?
- Ultrafiltration
- Selective Reabsorption
- Tubular Secretion
Which pigment is responsible for colour of urine?
Urochrome
The condition in which blood passes through with urine:
Haematuria
The condition in which excess glucose passes with urine due to Diabetes Mellitus
Glycosuria
Due to what disease, urine may be tasteless?
Due to much water in urine, condition called Diabetes Insipidus (due to insufficient ADH hormone) (insipid means tasteless)
Condition when albumin May pass in urine due to Increases permeability of bowman’s capsule on account of bacterial infection.
Albuminuria
In what diseases urine may contain like pigments?
Hepatitis (Jaundice), anaemia, liver cirrhosis
Which hormone controls the concentration of urine? Which gland is is secreted by?
ADH (ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE) secreted by Posterior lobe of Pituitary Gland.
Less ADH= more urine
Substances which increase urine- coffee, tea, alcohol.
What causes gout? What forms kidney stones?
Uric acid crystals in joints cause gout. Excessive uric acid and salts like calcium package form kidney stones
What is osmoregulation?
The regulation of osmotic pressure of blood.
Why do we urinate fewer times in summer than in winter?
We lose a considerable part of water through perspiration and kidneys have to reabsorb more water from urine making it concentrated
What is artificial kidney?
Dialysis Machine
