Excretory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is excretion?

A

Excretion is the removal of harmful and unwanted nitrogenous waste products from the body

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2
Q

What is the main excretory organ? What are the accessory excretory organs?

A

Kidneys. Skin, liver and lungs

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3
Q

Name a few substances to be eliminated from the body.

A
  1. Carbon dioxide
  2. Nitrogenous wastes - urea, uric acid, ammonia
  3. Excess salts
  4. Water
  5. Bile pigments (chiefly yellow bilirubin) - breakdown of haemoglobin of dead RBCs
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4
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

They are located on either side of backbone and protected by the last two ribs

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5
Q

Which muscle guards the opening of the bladder into the urethra?

A

The sphincter muscles (circular muscles)

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6
Q

What is micturition?

A

the act of Urinating

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7
Q

What are two major portions of the kidney?

A
  1. Outer - dark CORTEX
  2. Inner - lighter MEDULLA
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8
Q

What are nephrons?

A

Renal Tubules or Uriniferous Tubules are the structural as well as functional Units of Kidney

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9
Q

What is the collective name for the Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule?

A

Malphigian Capsule or Renal Capsule

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10
Q

What gives the dotted Appearance to the cortex of kidney?

A

The Bowman’s Capsule and PCT.

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11
Q

What is the other name of the capillaries surrounding the Loop of Henle?

A

Vasa Recta

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12
Q

When does urine become urine?

A

The filtrate left after reabsorption and tubular secretion is called urine

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13
Q

Ureteral peristalsis

A

Waves of constriction in the ureters

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14
Q

What are the three major steps of urine formation?

A
  1. Ultrafiltration
  2. Selective Reabsorption
  3. Tubular Secretion
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15
Q

Which pigment is responsible for colour of urine?

A

Urochrome

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16
Q

The condition in which blood passes through with urine:

A

Haematuria

17
Q

The condition in which excess glucose passes with urine due to Diabetes Mellitus

A

Glycosuria

18
Q

Due to what disease, urine may be tasteless?

A

Due to much water in urine, condition called Diabetes Insipidus (due to insufficient ADH hormone) (insipid means tasteless)

19
Q

Condition when albumin May pass in urine due to Increases permeability of bowman’s capsule on account of bacterial infection.

A

Albuminuria

20
Q

In what diseases urine may contain like pigments?

A

Hepatitis (Jaundice), anaemia, liver cirrhosis

21
Q

Which hormone controls the concentration of urine? Which gland is is secreted by?

A

ADH (ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE) secreted by Posterior lobe of Pituitary Gland.
Less ADH= more urine
Substances which increase urine- coffee, tea, alcohol.

22
Q

What causes gout? What forms kidney stones?

A

Uric acid crystals in joints cause gout. Excessive uric acid and salts like calcium package form kidney stones

23
Q

What is osmoregulation?

A

The regulation of osmotic pressure of blood.

24
Q

Why do we urinate fewer times in summer than in winter?

A

We lose a considerable part of water through perspiration and kidneys have to reabsorb more water from urine making it concentrated

25
Q

What is artificial kidney?

A

Dialysis Machine