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Biology Class 10 ICSE > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 7 Endocrine Glands?

A
  1. Adrenal
  2. Pancreas
  3. Thyroid
  4. Pituitary
  5. Parathyroid
  6. Thymus
  7. Gonads
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2
Q

What are the properties of hormones

A
  1. They have similar influence in other species
  2. They are biologically very active
  3. Hormones are not stored and are excreted out
  4. They regulate physiological processes by chemical means
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3
Q

What are the two parts of Adrenal Gland and state their secretions

A
  1. Adrenal medulla - adrenaline
  2. Adrenal cortex- cortisone (suppresses inflammation )
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4
Q

What are the three categories of cortisone

A
  1. Mineralocorticoids - regulates mineral metabolism esp potassium and sodium ions.
  2. Glucacortoids - regualtes carbs, protein, and fat metabolism
  3. Sex corticoids- overgrowth of cortex in young children leads to premature sexual maturity.
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5
Q

Give three affects of adrenaline secretion

A
  1. Dilation of Pupil
  2. Clotting capacity of blood is increased
  3. Stimulates uterine contraction during Labour
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6
Q

Name the condition in which mature women develop male characteristics due to overgrowth of adrenal cortex.

A

Adrenal Virilism

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of hyposecretion of Cortisone?

A
  1. Addison’s disease
  2. Loss of weight and energy
  3. Hypoglycemia
  4. Nausea
  5. Sensitivity to cold and pain and low immunity.
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of Hypersecretion of Cortisone?

A
  1. Cushing’s syndrome
  2. Obesity
  3. Water retention
  4. Weakness
  5. Hyperglycemia
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9
Q

What are the three cells of Islets Of Langerhans? And state their secretions.

A
  1. Beta - Insulin : induces uptake of glucose by body cells
  2. Alpha - Glucagon : stimulates liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose
  3. Delta - somatostatin : inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon
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10
Q

What may happen if a patient is overdosed with insulin?

A

He may experience insulin shock.

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of under secretion of insulin?

A
  1. Diabetes Mellitus (sugar diabetes ; Mellitus: honey)
  2. Excess urination
  3. Tend to get Thirsty
  4. Loses weight; becomes weaker
  5. May lose eye sight.
  6. Skin pigmentation
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of over secretion of insulin?

A
  1. Hypoglycemia
  2. Brain may enter into a state of coma
  3. Nerve cell starvation
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13
Q

What are the two principles by which insulin regulates sugar levels in body?

A
  1. Glucose Utilisation
  2. Deposition of extra glucose as glycogen in liver
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14
Q

What is the function of glucagon? Which cells secrete it?

A

Alpha cells secrete glucagon. Glucagon is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to glucose. Results in risen blood sugar levels

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15
Q

State the shape and location of the thyroid gland. What are the two hormones secreted by it?

A

Shape - bilobed (butterfly shaped) , the two lobes are joined by narrow isthmus.

Location - situated in front of neck just below larynx.

Hormones - Thyroxine and Calcitonin.

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16
Q

What is the function of thyroxine?

A

It promotes tissue metabolism, growing and differentiation. It regulates basal metabolism I.e. the rate of cellular oxidation resulting in heat production at rest.
It also influences the general growth of body, ossification of bones, body temperature, mental development.

17
Q

What are the three conditions caused due to undersecretion of thyroxine (Hypothyroidism)?

A
  1. Simple Goitre - deficiency of Iodine.
  2. Cretinism - affects children; dwarfism and mental retardation due to early atrophy (degeneration) of thyroid.
  3. Myxoedema - affects adults; sluggish with swelling of face and hands.
18
Q

What are are the symptoms of Oversecretion of thyroxine (hyperthyroidism) ?

A
  • causes Exophthalmic Goitre
  • protruding eyes
  • increased metabolism
  • shortness of breath
  • restlessness
  • rapid heart beat
  • forms Goitre in neck.
19
Q

What is the master gland and where is it located?

A

Pituitary gland is master gland because it’s controls all other endocrine glands.
It is a small projection (pea size) hanging from base of mid-brain below hypothalamus.

20
Q

What are the two distinct lobes of pituitary gland?

A
  1. Anterior pituitary
  2. Posterior pituitary
21
Q

Name the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary:

A
  1. Growth hormone
  2. Thyroid Stimulating hormone
  3. Gonad stimulating hormone
  4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
22
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A

Tropic hormones are those hormones which stimulate other endocrine glands to produce specific hormone.

23
Q

What is growth hormone also called?

A

Somatotropin

24
Q

What is the condition in which there is sudden increase in growth hormone in adults? And what are the symptoms?

A

Acromegaly. Symptoms- excessive growth of bones in face and in hands and feet. Person develops large nose and thick lips.

25
Q

What are the hormones secreted by posterior pituitary?

A
  1. Anti diuretic hormone (vasopressin)
    -deficiency called Diabetes Insipidus ( water diabetes ) - acts on kidney increasing reabsorption of water from kidney tubules
  2. Oxytocin - stimulates vigorous contractions of uterus in pregnant mother, leading to birth of baby. Also stimulates milk ejection.
26
Q

What are the 3 types of Gonadotropic Hormone (gland stimulating hormone)

A
  1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
    - stimulates egg formatting in females
    - stimulates sperm formation in males
  2. Luteinizing hormone
    - stimulates formation of corpus luteum to produce progesterone
    - stimulate testes to produce testosterone
  3. Prolactin
    - milk secretion

Biology Class 10 ICSE (14 decks)

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