Reproductive System Pathology Flashcards
fibropapillomas in bulls is caused by what?
herpesvirus
transmissible genital papilloma in swine is caused by what?
papilloma virus
What bacteria can cause neoplasms?
Helicobacter, causes adenocarcinomas in humans and mice.
Where does brucella like to be?
in macrophages.
What are the 3 highly virulent strains of brucella?
B. melitensis (goats), B. abortus (cattle), and B. suis (pigs)
How is Brucella transmitted between animals? How is it transmitted to humans?
between animals through ingestion. Humans can get it through wounds.
Who does B. abortus mainly affect? Can they recover?
Mainly affects older cattle or pregnant cattle. The infection persists indefinitely (it hangs out in macrophages)
What is the pathogenesis of Brucella abortus?
entry–>causes acute lymphadenitis –> hematogenous spread –> prolonged bacteremia –> localization to the spleen, mammary glands, lymph nodes, pregnant uterus, joints, testis, and accessory glands.
T/F: B. abortus has affinity to pregnant endometrium and placenta
True
When does B. abortus cause abortion?
7th or 8th month (so late term)
If you see a placenta that looks like this, what would your MDx be and what is the likely cause?
necrotizing placentitis and edema of placental membranes, due to Brucella abortus
What is the main lesion seen in a pregnant cow affected with B. abortus?
pneumonia in the last half of pregnancy. Can also see bronchitis and bronchopneumonia, and fibrinohemorrhagic pleuritis.
This bacteria causes epididymitis in rams, transmission is mainly through coitus, and you can get abortion with placentitis, areteritis, and periarteritis.
B. ovis (less virulent of the Brucellas)
What is the main manifestation of swine brucellosis?
severe orchitis.
T/F: cats and dogs can get Brucella from pigs.
False. Dogs can, but cats generally do not.
Which of the following cause early embryonic death?
A. C. fetus subsp. fetus
B. C fetus subsp. venerialis
C. C. jejuni
B.
What is a characteristic lesion of Campylobacter infections?
multifocal necrotizing hepatitis (target or umbilicated lesions)
How do cattle get listeria?
By eating poor quality silage. If there is a wound in the mouth, Listeria can go into their brain. More commonly seen in a septicemic form.
Which form of Listeria causes abortion and when? What, if any, lesions will you see in the fetus?
septicemic form causes abortion in the last trimester. Will see necrotizing hepatitis in the fetus.
Which Leptospira serovar in cattle causes abortion? Which causes early embryonic death?
Abortion caused by L. interrogans serovar Hardjo
Early embryonic death caused by L. borgpetersenii serovar hardjo
Does Leptospira cause abortions in horses?
Yes. (L. interrogans serovar Kennewicki)
Which Chlamydia species causes abortion in ruminants, and can cause placentitis with vasculitis?
Chlamydia abortus
If a sheep has an abortion due to C. abortus, will they abort again?
No, but they are carriers of the bacteria.
What is a concern with C. psittaci?
Highly zoonotic and causes abortions. Affects psittacine birds
What organism causes Q fever? Does it cause abortion, and if so, when? What else are you likely to see in an animal infected with this?
Coxiella burnetii, causes abortion during late gestation. See suppurative placentitis (intercotyledonary and cotyledonary) and distended trophoblasts with microcolonies of the bacteria.
What is the main manifestation of ureaplasma? Can it cause abortion? What will you see in the fetus?
granular vaginitis and vulvitis. Can cause abortions. Will see alveolitis and lesions in the amnion.
What are some organisms that cause mycotic abortions?
Aspergillus and Zygomyces
What are the main manifestations of epizootic bovine abortion?
thymic hypoplasia and lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.
What parasitic infections cause abortions?
toxoplasma, neospora, sarcocystis, tritrichomonas, trypanosoma, and leishmania.
When does neospora caninum cause abortion? What is the main manifestation in the dog?
Mid-gestation abortion, main manifestation is lesions in the skin of a dog.
How do cows get Tritrichomonas foetus? What does it cause in pregnant cows?
through venereal transmission from bulls (they’re asymptomatic permanent carriers). Causes early embryonic death/infertility.
This bacteria plays a major role in ovine abortion and the source of infection is cats. You will see necrotizing placentitis, and the cotyledons will be dark to bright red with small soft white nodules.
Toxoplasma gondii.
This virus can affect the respiratory system and reproductive system, it will lead to balanoposthitis and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and you can have latency and reactivation to occur.
Bovine herpesvirus 1
This virus causes abortion storms at about 5 months gestation, can cause placental retension and edema/vasculitis. It can be vaccinated agains.
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (Bovine herpesvirus)
What are some clinical signs that you will see with equine herpesvirus 1?
fibrin cast in the trachea, interstitial pneumonia, focal necrosis in the liver, and prominent lymphoid follicles in the spleen.
can EHV1 cause abortions?
Yes. It is a systemic dz.
What are some things you can see with bovine viral diarrhea virus?
Abortion at any trimester, early embryonic death, congenital birth defects (cerebellar hypoplasia and arthrogryphosis). Can also see persistenty infected calves that shed all the time.
What causes border disease? What are some things you can see with this dz?
pestevirus. Can see embryonic or fetal death, abortion, mummification, early postnatal death, dysmorphogenesis, and birth of weak lambs.
SMEDI type problems are caused by what?
porcine parvovirus (enterovirus less frequently)
Canine herpesvirus 1 causes characteristic lesions where? Does it cause abortion?
Characteristic hemorrhage and necrosis of the kidney***, liver and spleen. It causes abortions but also stillbirth and infertility.
