Male Reproductive Pathology Flashcards
If you are collecting samples from an intact male, what species is most likely to have the specimen autolyse?
rams.
Where is sperm produced?
the seminiferous tubules.
What cells produce testosterone?
interstitial cells.
Why are the testes always located outside of the body?
because spermatogenesis and production of testosterone works better at temps slightly lower than the body.
What are you seeing below? If you see this, should you be concerned?
Segmental aplasia of the epididymis. It is an incidental finding.
What do you see below?
Inclusion cysts epididimys. Also an incidental finding.
T/F: only cutaneous neoplasms can occur in the scrotum.
True.
In what animals do you see a scirrhous cord?
mainly in horses, due to a staph infection.
What are you seeing in the picture below?
dilatation and tortuosity of the veins of the pampiniform plexus and the cremasteric veins. Known as varicocele.
You see a patient with a scrotum that looks like this. What would your MDx be and what is it caused by?
Scrotal dermatitis, caused by ectoparasites
What are some diseases that you can see associated with the tunica vaginalis?
inflammation (from orchitis, epididymitis, scrotal dermatitis or peritonitis), or tumors.
What is cryptorchism? What are these testes prone to?
Cryptorchism is the failure of one or both testis to descend to the scrotum. These testes cannot produce sperm and are prone to testicular neoplasia and to torsion of the spermatic cord.
What do you see in the picture below?
bilateral hypoplasia of testicles.
What are some causes of testicular degeneration?
thermal (too much heat), cryptochidism, hypoplasia, and chemical.
What is orchitis?
inflammation of the testis.
What are some things that can cause orchitis?
Trauma, infection (Brucella, Pseudomonas, Mycobacteria, Nocardia), or viruses.
What do you see below? What bacteria can cause this?
epididymitis. Can be caused by Brucella.
What are you seeing in the image below? What can cause this?
sperm granuloma. Caused when the sperm goes to the tissue, causing a foreign body inflammatory reaction to the sperm.
What are some common testicular neoplasias?
interstitial cell tumors, seminomas sertoli cell tumors, or teratomas.
This tumor is usually solitary or unilateral, it is rarely metastatic, and has no endocrine effect. Cryptochidism is a predisposing factor.
Seminoma.
What do most seminomas look like in a dog?
they are well circumscribed, white and homogenous. They closely resemble neoplastic lymphoid tissue.
This neoplasm is the most common neoplasm in the dog. It secretes androgen (testosterone) and can result in prostate hyperplasia.
Interstitial Cell tumor (AKA leydig cell tumor)
This is the least common tumor, usually unilateral, can enlarge the testis, and rarely metastasizes. Cryptochidism is a predisposing factor.
Sertoli cell tumor.
What are some clinical signs that you will see with a sertoli cell tumor?
reduced libido, swelling of the prepuce/mammary glands, symmetrical alopecia, and bone marrow suppression.
***due to the estrogen productio of the tumor***
When you look at a preputial cytology, how will you know that you have an estrogenic tumor?
the epithelium of the preputial cavity thickens and you will see squames dominating the cytology.
This tumor is rare, it is a mixed cell line tumor, and is usually in the testis of young horses. Cryptochidism is a predisposing factor.
Teratoma.
When are you likely to see prostatic atrophy?
senile change or following castration.
What is this a picture of? What are some predisposing factors/who is it commonly seen in?
prostatic hyperplasia. hormonal imbalances is a likely cause, but it is mainly seen in older intact male dogs.
T/F: you can see prostatic hyperplasia in castrated animals.
False.
What is this a picture of?
prostatic inflammation, aka prostatitis. Can be an extension of cystitis or urethritis.
What is prostatic metaplasia?
cahnge in the type of the epithelium. It is caused by estrogen.
Where do prostatic neoplasias metastasize to?
sublumbar lymph nodes, lung, liver, or bone.
When do you typically see penile hypoplasia?
in early castration or intersex condiditions?
What developmental disease of the penis and prepuce is seen below?
persistent frenulum. Causes penile deviation.
What is hypospadia?
a congenital defect where you have incomplete fusion of the urethral folds. You have a non-fused prepuce and scrotum, and the urethral opening will be on the ventral side.
What is phimosis?
narrowing of the preputial orifice preventing protrusion of the penis.
What is praphimosis?
narrowing of the preputial orifice preventing retraction of already protruding penis.
What term do you use to descrive inflammation of the prepuce?
posthitis
What term do you use to describe inflammation of the glans penis?
balanitis
What term is used when you’ve got inflammation of the prepuce and the penis at the same time?
balanoposthitis
What viruses can cause inflammation of the penis and/or prepuce?
Bovine herpes virus or EHV3 (equine coital exanthema)
What bacteria can cause inflammation of the penis and/or prepuce?
corynebacteria in sheep/bovines
What parasites can cause inflammation of the penis and/or prepuce?
Trypanosoma equiperdum, habronemiasis
What do you see below? What can cause it?
Balanoposthitis, caused by bovine herpesvirus 1.
