Reproductive System = male Flashcards
testes are located in ___ which are ___
in scrotum
sac of skin + superficial fascia outside the abdominopelvic cavity at root of pains
more pigmented + more hairs
midline septum = gives each testes its own compartment
exterior posiition = colder than core temp
imp = for spermatogenesis to occur normally
tunics
tunica vaginalis
outer 2 layered
tunica albuiginea.= fibrous capsule of testes
septal extensions divide tested into hundreds of lobules
each lobule = 1-4 seminiferous tubules
roles of dartos and cremaster muscles In testicular temp reg
dartos = controls how close testes are to make body
if cold: contract up close to body
hot: relax far from body
and wrinkles skin to reduce SA for heat loss
pathway sperm takes to get to ductus vas defers
seminferous tubules
tubules rectus
rete testes
efferent ductules
epididymis
Leydig cells
interstitial cells that produce androgens (testosterone)
blood supply
testicular arteries (from abdo aorta)
testicular veins form pampiniform plexus = helps w temp reg, cooling of blood from body temp
spermatic cord = enclosed tube having vas deferens, blood + lymphatic vessels, nerves going back to abdo.
epididymis
head = superior pat of testis
receives sperm from efferent ductules
merges to body and tails have highly copied ducts
sperm that enter here = immature and nonmotile
takes 20 days to traverse epididymis = gain ability to swim
+ develop receptors for egg mb
so if get close enough to an egg = is now able to bind to it.
what happens to the empidiymis during ejaculation
what happens to sperm that do not get ejaculated for a long period of time
how long can sperm be stored in the epididymis
contractile activity of smooth muscles pushes forward
if sperm is stored in tail, will be moved out of the males body.
degenerated and parts are recycled
stored in tail, after maturation for 20 days, for 2-3 months
will grow old and be degenerated.
undergo phagocytosis and recycled.
ducts vas deferens
1 per testes
pathway taken by the vas deferns to the ejaculatory duct
vas deferens goes up on top of the bladder and around, the thicker part = ampula
merges into the ejaculatory duct (when joins w duct of seminal vesicles
passes into the prostate gland as it merges into the urethra
vasectomy
what is
risks
cutting and tying the vas deferens
reversible, most of the time
not much risk,
reversiblity is not guaranteed
is a day procedure, no biggy
urethra
terminal portion
urinary and reproductive functions
3 regions
prostatic
intermede
spongy urethra
reproductive accessory glands
produce secretions that make up semen (with sperm)
ex.
seminal vesicles
prostate glands
bulbourethral glands
seminal vesicles (2)
posterior walls of bladder
contribute most of semen value
bumpy yellow structure
sperm (from vas deference) and seminal fluid (from here) go to ejaculaotry duct
semen = yellow, viscous, alkaline (bc vagina is acid)
fructose and citric acid (E source for sperm)
coagulating enzymes = make a clot = helps semen stay in reproductive tract of women.
prostaglandins + other substances to promote sperm motility/fertalizing ability)
yellow bc of flavin proteins = fluoresce under UV light.
prostate gland
simple gland
encircles urethra
inf to bladder
milky secretions, about 1/3 of semen volume
have enzymes = activating sperm
secretions to prostatic urethra via several ducts during ejaculation
bulbourethral glands (2)
pea sized
inf to prostate
make a thick clear mucus to spongy urehtra before ejaculation
go through spongy urethrea to get rid of remnants of ruine and as a lubricant during sex.
penis as a copulatry organ
external and internal parts
deliver sperm to female reproductive tract
external genetilia = penis + scrotim
penis = att root + free shaft of body
tip/head = glans penis
foreskin/prepuce = skin that is cut off around the glands in a circumcision
internal
spongy urethra
3 corpora of erectile tissue
= 2 corpora cavernosa = 2 side ones
= 1 midventra corpus spongiosom
cavernosa = resp ofr erection
deep arteries resp for blood supply during erection
semen composition
provide =
transport medium
nutrients (fructose + citric acid) = to survive
chemicals (PGs, ATP, antibiotic chemicals) = energy source + protects sperm
protect/activate sperm or support sperm transport.
ph = 7.2/7.6 to neutralize the pH of the vagina of 3.5-4
regulation fo make reproductive function
200 M per day
testis is source of both germ cells and hormones.
testis =
seminferous tubule = Steroli cells + spermatogenesis intermediates
leydig cells = synth andorgens (testosterone)
in bn tubules
actions of testosterone
growth maturation of gonads/accessory organs = puberty
essential for spermatogenenis
adolescent growth spurts (start/stop)
growth of layrynx and vocal cords
secretion of sweat
hair (face, chest, armpit, groin)
maintenance of libido
aggressions
inc EPO from kidneys = site RBC prod = higher hematocut
first event = inc size and activity of testes = provides T for rest of events to occur
hypothalamic and pituitary regulation of steroidogenis in the male
anterior pituitary hormone
gonadotropins = glycoproteins = water soluble = w cell surface receptors
begin to target cells to activate process that reg enzymes or open up channels
faster response than transcription factors
FSH = follicle stimulating hormone
stimulate sterile cells to support spermatogenesis = T required
LH = luteinizing hormone = stimulate leydig cells to secrete T
hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis
hypothalamus releases Gonadoptropin releasing hormone = GnRH
GnRH stems the ant. pit. to release LH
LH stim leydig cells to prod. T
neg. feedback reg secretion/production of T
as levels rise, inh hypo and pit. so levels go down, so feedback goes away, so levels go up
constant fluctuation
for a relatively steady state of prod.
lipid soluble hormone pathway
If T is acting on target cells, doesn’t have to bind to receptr, gets in easy
Finding receptor assoc w nucleus/dna,
Inc transcription of specific genes reg by testosterone.
Makes mRNA, makes protein that carries out effect
water soluble hormone
LH binds to cell surface receptor to inc prod of T
receptor assoc w G protein
active receptor activates G protein
G protein activates adenylyl cyclase which converts ATP to cAMP
activates protein kinase A
phos proteins that inc the transport of cholesterol into mitochondria
+ another protein that turns into test.
GnRH
gonadotropin releasing Hormone
pusatile secretions by hypothalamic neurons
stim secretions of FSH nad LH
