reproductive system I

Question 1

what are the ovaries held in place by?

Answer 1

broad and suspensory, and ovarian liagments, and mesenteries

Question 2

what are the 2 functions of the ovaries?

Answer 2

-follicle development
-estrogen/progesterone production (follicular cells/corpus luteum)

Question 3

what does FSH and LH trigger?

Answer 3

-LH stimulates THECA cells–> makes androgens
-FSH triggers GRANULOSA cells to convert androgens –> estrogen

Question 4

how long does spermatogenesis take vs. oogenesis?

Answer 4

spermatogenesis = within 2 months, produce several hundred million sperm per day
oogenesis = 12-50 years to complete, born with limited non-renewable supply of germ cells

Question 5

what is a primary oocyte

Answer 5

surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells
-oocyte+granulose cells–>primary follicle

Question 6

what is a primary follicle?

Answer 6

several primordial follicles start to develop; one will become the primary follicle

Question 7

where does follicle development occur?

Answer 7

-matures in ovary
-pushes out of ovary wall in ovulation

Question 8

what are the ovarian tubes?

Answer 8

-~10cm long and the site of fertilization
-have fimbriae that draw the ovum into the tubes
-cilia and smooth muscle help move ovum towards uterus

Question 9

what are the layers of the uterus?

Answer 9

the endometrium is broken down into
-site of implantation
-basal layer (constantly dining and repairing shedding)
-functional layer (layer that is shed every month if fertilization does not occur)

Question 10

what is the ovarian cycle for and what are the phases ?

Answer 10

-prepares the ova; hormone controlled
a) follicular phase (1-14) ; maturing follicles, high FSH and estrogen is secreted
—Ovulation; spike in FSH/LH——14
b) luteal phase (14-28); corpus luteum which is the remaining follicular cell secretes estrogen and progesterone

Question 11

what is the uterine cycle for and its phases?

Answer 11

to prepare the endometrium
a) menstraul phase (1-7) shedding of the functonal layer that is triggered by a drop in estrogen/progesterone
b) proliferative phase (7-14) higher estrigen and uterine wall is being repaired
—–ovulation 14——-
c) secretory/progestational phase (14-28) high estrogen/progesterone and endometrium is thickening to get ready for possible implantation if ovum becomes fertilized

Question 12

what happens to the corpus luteum if egg is not fertilized?

Answer 12

-estrogen and progesterone levels drop
-functional layer sheds in endometrium (menses)
-corpus luteum degenerates

Question 13

what happens to the corpus luteum if the egg is fertilized?

Answer 13

-secretes HCG
-will be maintained through pregnancy
-estrogen/progesterone levels remain high; menses does not occur

Question 14

what are possible reasons fro female infertility?

Answer 14

-abnormal production of FSH/LH or E?P (endometrium is not ready)
-endometriosis
-pelvic inflammatory diseases
-mucus is too thigh or vagina is too acidic
-aging
-blocked tubes

Question 15

what is menopause?

Answer 15

the cessation of a women’s menstrual cycle (45-55)
-triggered by hypothalamic change
-dwindling estrogen levels
-transition is called climacteric
-progressive ovarian failure (peri-menopause)

Question 16

what is endometriosis?

Answer 16

the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue inside and outside the uterus (fibroids/over-shedding)
-implantation may occur in the abdominal wall, fallopian tubes, ovaries, intestines