renal anatomy Flashcards
what is the abdominal cavity?
forms the superior/major part of the abdominopelvic cavity
-between diaphragm and pelvis inlet
-extends to thoracic cage
-is the location of most organs
how are the 9 abdominal regions divided?
-right and left mid-clavicular planes bisect inguinal ligament
-the subcostal plane below the ribcage
-trans tubercle plans (along tubercle of iliac crest; superior to the ASIS)
what is found in the right upper quadrant?
-right lobe of liver
-gallbladder
-right kidney
-head of pancreas
what is found in the left upper quadrant?
-left lobe of liver
-spleen
-stomach
-head and tail of pancreas
-left kidney
what is found in the right lower quadrant?
-right ovary
-cecum
-appendix
what is found in the left lower quadrant?
-left ovary
-sigmoid colon
what is the peritoneum?
-largest serous membrane in the body
parietal vs visceral peritoneum?
-parietal = internal surface of abdominopelvic wall
-visceral = invests in the viscera
-contains various peritoneal folds
what is the mesentery?
-double layer of peritoneum
-binds jejunum/ileum to abdominal wall
-neurovascular communication between organ and body wall
what is the omentum?
double layered fold/extension of peritoneum
-passes from stomach and duodenum –> to adjacent organs
-covers most of viscera
greater vs. lesser omentum?
-greater = greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum - like an “apron”
-lesser = lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to liver
what is the liver connected to and how?
-stomach via hepatogastric ligament
-duodenum via hepatoduodenal ligament
-anterior abdominal wall via falciform ligament
what are the functions of the urinary system?
-excretion (nitrous waste)
-elimination (waste product discharge)
-homeostatic regulation of blood plasma
where do the kidneys lie?
retroperitoneally on posterior abdominal wall
what is hemodialysis vs pertioneal dialysis?
-hemodialysis = machine filtering blood before retuned to body
-peritoneal dialysis= peritoneum acts as a natural filter
what is located in the renal hilum?
-renal artery
-renal vein
-renal pelvis
what is the nephron composed of (2)? and where?
-renal corpuscle (blood plasma) and tubule (filtrate)
-located within renal pyramids
drainage of nephron
nephron–> proximal convolated tubule–> loop of henle–< distal tubule–> collecting duct–> minor calyces–> major calyces–> renal pelvis –> ureter
where do the adrenal glands lie?
-superior to each kidney and below the diaphragm
-renal fascia separates it from the kidney
-encapsuled in perirenal fat capsule
what do the adrenal glands secrete?
-epi/norepinephrine
-corticosteroids
-androgens
what are the ureters?
-muscular tubes
-renal pelvis to bladder
-peristaltic contraction force urine towards bladder
what is the storage capacity of the bladder?
-700-800 mL capacity
-200-400 mL at parasympathetic state
-splanchnic nerve plexus
what does the urethra pass through? length?
-urogential diaphragm (external urinary sphincter)
-20 cm in males vs 8 cm in females
what is the muscle of the pelvic floor and what does it support?
levator ani is largest pelvic floor muscle
-supports viscera
-resists thrust from intra-abdominal pressure
what can tear in childbirth? can lead to?
perineum may tear (ie in childbirth)
-can lead to urinary stress incontinence
-possibly strengthened by kegels
