Reproductive System Concerns (Week 12 Voice Over) Flashcards
amenorrhea
absence of menstral flow
3 types of amenorrhea
- absence of menarche and secondary sexual characteristics by age of 13
- absence of menses by age 16 regardless of presence of normal growth and development (primary)
- a 6 month or more absence of menses after a period of menstruation (secondary)
primary amenoorhea
absence of menses by age 16 regardless of presence of normal growth and development
secondary amenorrhea
a 6 month or more absence of menses after a period of menstruation
most commonly what is amenorrhea a result of
pregnancy
what 3 things is the menstral cycle dependent on
neuro
endocrine
reproductive
steps to menstral cycle
GRH
pituitary
FSH/LH
ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone
endometrium lining
when is the menstral cycle most irregular
2 years after onset
5 years before menopause
- cycles are anovulatory
moderalty obese girl
- early or late
early onset
high exercise/malnourished
- early or late
early
hypogonadrotropic amenorrhea is due to
stress
weight loss/strenous exercise
eating disorders
mental illness
cyclic perimenstral pain and discomfort (CPPD)
symptoms of discomfort during the menstral cycl
CPPD includes
dysmenorrhea
PMS
PMDD
symptom cluster
mood swings
pelvic pain
physical discomfort
dysmenorrhea
pain during or shortly before menstruation
when do adolescents have dysmenorrhea
have it in the first 3 years after starting period
what is one of the most common complaints
dysmenorrhea
who are we more likely to see dysmenorrhea in
early menarche
never been pregnant
lack physical exercise
obese
smoker
primary dysmenorrhea
- what is it associated with
ovulatory cycles
- estrogen and progestin present
what causes pain in primary dysmenorrhea
release of prostaglandins
- causes vasoconstriction which results in vasospasm which leads to ischemia and pain
how to alleviate pain in primary dysmenorrhea
heat
exercise
pelvic rocking
dietary: decrease salt and sugar
secondary dysmenorrhea what is it
acquired menstral pain that develops later in life than primary dysmenorrhea (after age 25)
type of pain in secondary dysmenorrhea
dull pain over lower abdomen, achy which goes to back and thighs, bloating
what is secondary dysmenorrhea usually asccoated with
popup/fibroids
how to diagnose secondary dysmenorrhea
US
DNC
biopsy
how to treat secondary dysmenorrhea
removal of underlying cause
medical management for secondary dysmenorrhea
NSAIDS: good before bleeding starrs
birth control: increase DVT
accupuncture
accupressure
aromatherapy
PMS is a cluster of
physical
psychological
and behavioral symptoms
diet for PMS/PMDD
limit caffeine and alcohol
increase grain
what is the severe variant of PMS
PMDD
endometriosis
presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
major symptoms of endometriosis
dysmenorrhea
deep pelvic dyspareunia
- painful intercourse
pelvic heaviness
noncyclic pelvic pain
radiation to pain to thigh
pain with exercise
in endometriosis is pain related/correlated to severity
no
drug therapy for endometrosis
suppress estrogen production to decrease FSH and LH putting into medical induced menopause
endometriosis is chronic
pain and disease with infertility
what is the theory for development of endometriosis
retrograde menstruation through fallopian tube and an immune response reaction
oligimenorrhea
infrequent, decrease in duration and or amount, longer than 40-45 days
hypomenorrhea
scant bleeding at normal interval
hypomenorrhea
- cause
oral BC
metrorrhagia
intermentstral bleeding with spotting
menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
excessive menstral bleeding
menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
- cause
hormonal
systemic disease
neoplasm
infection
IUD
early preg loss
fibroids
abnormal uterine bleeding
irregular in amount, duration, timing
not related to regular menstral bleeding
management: DNC
menopause
complete cessation of menses
what happens more frequently the closer to menopause
- ovulation
anovulation
- ovulation is less frequent
what happens to the menstral cycles closer to menopause
increase in length
what happens to the ovarian follicles closer to menopause
become less sensitive to hormonal sitimulation from FSH/LH
what happens to progesterone production closer to menopause
not produced by corpus lute
what happens to FSH values closer to menopause
elevated
physical changes in the perimenopausal period
- bleeding
longer menstral periods that differ in type of bleeding
- EX: 2-3 spotting then 3 days heavy
regular followed by 2-3 days of spotting
physical changes in the perimenopausal period
- genital changes
atrophy of vaginal and urethra due to decrease estrogen
- vaginal dryness
increase urinary freq
stress incontience
physical changes in the perimenopausal period
- vasomotor instability (hot flash/night sweat)
result of fluctuating estrogen levels
physical changes in the perimenopausal period
- mood and behavior
increase of depression
may grieve the childbearing
may be relieved for no more risk of pregnancy
what is the first sign of osteoporosis
loss of height
why do perimenopausal women experience osteopsosis
osteoblasts need estrogen
why do perimenopausal experience CAD
change in lipid metabolism
menopausal hormonal therapy side effects
HA
N/V
feet edema
wt gain
breast soreness
depression
what is commonly a result of pregnancy
amenorrhea
what is the most common gynecological problem with women
dysmenorrhea
when does PMS begin
luteal
what type of amenorrhea is endometriosis
2ndary
can osteopsosris be prevented
minimized with lifestyle changes and mediaiton
