Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Reproductive System

A
  • Production of gametes
  • Fertilization
  • Development and nourishment of a new individual
  • Production of reproductive organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The testes in males & ovaries in females produce

A

gametes, or sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

formation of gametes in males and females occurs by a type of cell division called _______ and occurs only in testis and ovary

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a process were chromosomes align as pairs

A

synapsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the event that allows the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes

A

crossing over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

first meiotic division is called ______

A

reduction division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

saclike structure containing the testes

A

scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

layer of smooth muscle beneath the skin of the scrotum

A

dartos muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

extensions of abdominal muscles enter the scrotum

A

cremaster muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

oval organs within the scrotum, each about 4-5cm long

A

testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

extensions of the capsule project into the interior of the testis and divides each testis

A

250 cone-shaped lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

site of sperm cell development

A

seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

endocrine cells that secretes testosterone, located outside the seminiferous tubules

A

interstitial cells or Leydig cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

they nourish the germ cells and produce a number of hormones

A

sustentacular cells or sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

formation of sperm cells

A

spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

most peripheral sperm cells (undeveloped sperm cells), which divide through mitosis

A

spermatogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

divide by meiosis and become sperm cells, contains 46 chromosomes each consisting of 2 chromatids

A

primary spermatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

produce by 1st meiotic division

A

secondary spermatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

produce by 2nd meiotic division

A

spermatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

spermatids develop a head, midpiece and flagellum (tail) to become a ______

A

sperm cell or spermatozoon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

contains enzymes that are released during fertilization necessary for the sperm call to penetrate the oocyte or egg cell

A

acrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a tubular network were seminiferous tubules converge

A

rete testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

carry sperm cells from testis to epididymis

A

efferent ductules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

tightly coiled series of threadlike tubules (coma-shaped structure) were sperm cells continue to mature

A

epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
final changes in sperm cells that occurs after ejaculation and prior to fertilization
capacitation
26
from epididymis and ascends along the posterior side of the testis to become associated with the blood vessels and nerves about 45 cm
ductus deferens or vas deferens
27
a ductus deferens that increase in diameter
ampulla of the ductus deferens
28
sac-shaped gland near the ampulla of each ductus deferens
seminal vesicle
29
extends into the prostate gland and ends by joining the urethra within the prostrate gland
ejaculatory duct
30
extends from the urinary bladder to the distal end of the penis
urethra
31
3 parts of the urethra
- prostatic urethra - membranous urethra - spongy urethra
32
urethra that passes through the prostrate gland
prostatic urethra
33
urethra that passes through the floor of the pelvis and surrounded by the external urinary sphincter
membranous urethra
34
extends the length of the penis and opens at its end
spongy urethra
35
male organ of copulation and functions in the transfer of sperm cells from male to the female
penis
36
engorgement of erectile tissue with blood
erection
37
two columns of erectile tissue from the dorsal portion and the sides of the penis are called _____
corpora cavernosa
38
smaller erectile column occupies the ventral portion of the penis
corpus spongiosum
39
distal end of the penis that form a cap
glans penis
40
loose fold of skin that covers the glans penis
prepuce or foreskin
41
consists of both glandular and muscular tissue about the size and shape of a walnut, cells lining the partitions secrete prostatic fluid
prostate gland
42
pair of small mucus-secreting glands located near the base of the penis
bulbourethral glands or cowper glands
43
a mixture of sperm cells and secretions from the male reproductive glands
semen
44
thick mucus-like secretion substances include:
- fructose -nourish sperm cells - coagulation proteins -help thicken the semen - enzymes -destroy abnormal sperm cells - prostaglandins -stimulate smooth muscle contractions of the female reproductive tract to propel sperm cells through the tract
45
released from neurons in the hypothalamus and passes to the anterior pituitary gland and causes cells to secrete 2 hormones
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
46
stimulates testosterone secretion from the interstitial cells
luteinizing hormone or LH
47
stimulates sustentacular cells of the seminiferous tubules to increase spermatogenesis and to secret inhibin
follicle-stimulating hormone FSH
48
sequence of events by which a child is transformed into a young adult
puberty
49
influences reproductive organs and cause enlargement and differentiation of the male genitals during puberty and secondary sexual characteristics
testosterone
50
movement of sperm cells, mucus, prostatic secretions, and seminal vesicle secretions into the prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra
emission
51
forceful expulsion of the secretions that have accumulated in the urethra to the exterior
ejaculation
52
intense sensation interpreted as pleasurable
orgasm or climax
53
occurs after ejaculation, penis becomes flaccid
resolution
54
reduced or diminished fertility
infertility
55
female reproductive organ
ovaries
56
outer part of the ovary is contains ______
ovarian follicles
57
female sex cell
oocyte
58
during first meiotic division at prophase I
primary oocyte
59
release of an oocyte from an ovary
ovulation
60
after completing first meiotic division
secondary oocyte
61
begins when a sperm cell penetrates the cytoplasm of a secondary oocyte
fertilization
62
formed by 23 chromosomes from sperm join with the 23 female gamete
zygote
63
gives rise to oocyte
oogonia
64
several layers of granulosa cells form and layer of clear material called the ______
zona pellucida
65
hormone secreted by the placenta
human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG)
66
extend from the area of the ovaries to the uterus, receive secondary oocyte
uterine tube, fallopian tube, oviduct
67
opening of each uterine tube surrounded by long thin processes called _______
fimbriae
68
where fertilization usually occurs in the part of the uterine tube near the ovary
ampulla
69
medium-sized pear
uterus
70
part of the uterus superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes
fundus
71
main part of the uterus
body
72
narrow part of the uterus
cervix
73
opens into the vagina
cervical canal
74
3 layers of uterine wall
- perimetrium -visceral - myometrium -muscular - endometrium -innermost layer
75
female organ of copulation; receives penis during intercourse
vagina
76
vaginal opening covered by a thin mucous membrane
hymen
77
external female genitalia
vulva or pudendum
78
space into which the vagina and the urethra open
vestibule
79
pair of thin longitudinal skin folds
labia minora
80
small erectile structure, anterior margin of the vestibule
clitoris
81
2 labia minora unite over the clitoris to form a fold skin called the _________
prepuce
82
2 prominent rounded folds of skin
labia majora
83
2 labia majora unite anteriorly at an elevation of tissue over the pubic symphisis called the _________
mons pubis
84
space between labia majora
pudendal cleft
85
region between the vagina and anus
clinical perinuem
86
organs of milk production
mammary glands
87
circular pigmented area called the _____
areola
88
series of changes that occur in sexually mature nonpregnant females that result in menses
menstrual cycle
89
period of mild hemorrhage during a part of endothelium is sloughed and expelled from the uterus
menses
90
between the end of menses and ovulation, refers to proliferation of the endometrium
proliferative phase
91
cessation of menstrual cycle
menopause
92
Control of pregnancy:
- behavioral methods are effective only when used consistently - barrier methods prevent contact between sperm cell and oocyte - chemical methods prevent oocyte ovulation - surgical methods are typically permanent

Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions